In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-centre study, 80 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III) received postoperative single-injection local infiltration analgesia (SLIA), continuous local infiltration analgesia (CLIA) or placebo (control group). Intravenous patient-controlled morphine was used as rescue analgesia. The CLIA group showed lower postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores from 8 to 48 h at rest and from 16 to 48 h during activity compared with the SLIA group. The CLIA group also had significantly lower consumption of morphine from 24 to 48 h postoperatively versus the SLIA group. Patient satisfaction was higher, and maximum flexion of the knee on postoperative days 7 and 90 was greater, in the CLIA group compared with the SLIA group. CLIA provided prolonged superior analgesia and was associated with more favourable functional recovery and patient satisfaction compared with SLIA.

SUMMARY BackgroundInfliximab is widely used in severe and refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). The results of clinical studies are inconsistent on whether preoperative infliximab use increases early postoperative complications in UC patients.

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a highly fatal marine biotoxin. Constantly increasing intoxications and the lack of specific antitoxic drugs in clinical applications highlight the need for further research into the toxic effects of TTX. Current reports on poisoning cases and the TTX toxicity mechanism suggest that the blocking of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) by TTX is probably reversible, but direct evidence of this is lacking, as far as we are aware. This study explored the acute toxic effects of TTX at sub-lethal doses via different routes, analyzing variations in muscle strength and TTX concentration in the blood in mice. We found that the loss of muscle strength in mice caused by TTX was dose-dependent and reversible, and the death time and muscle strength variations after oral gavage with TTX appeared to occur later and were more variable than those after intramuscular injection. In conclusion, we systematically compared the acute toxic effects of TTX for two different administration routes at sub-lethal doses, directly verifying the reversible reaction of TTX blocking VGSCs and speculating that averting a complete block of VGSCs by TTX could be an effective strategy for preventing death from TTX poisoning. This work may provide data for the diagnosis and treatment of TTX poisoning.