Fire-resistant and high temperature behavior of high strength steels (HSS) for structural engineering applications has become an important research topic in recent years. In this paper, a succinct review of HSS behavior under and after high temperature exposure is provided. The review addresses the following aspects of HSS: (1) their mechanical properties under and after fire exposure, (2) residual stress in welded HSS sections, and (3) high temperature performance of HSS columns. Recent studies have demonstrated that different grades of HSS can exhibit noticeable differences in their mechanical properties under and after fire exposure, and different cooling methods could have an effect on the post-fire mechanical properties of HSS. Because current design standards for steel structures under elevated temperature were developed based on mild steel, care must be exercised when applying these standards to HSS as they are not necessarily applicable.