The aim of this study was to discuss the various neurological complications after middle face fractures. The study is based on 186 patients with injuries of the middle face region, admitted to the ENT Department for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Only patients with apparently minor head injury (SHT I. degree) were included in this study. The neurological complications are divided into extracranial and intracranial neurological impairments. It was evident that extracranial neurological complications are frequent and that they decisively influence the surgical treatment (decompression of the N. infraorbitalis or N. opticus). The intracranial neurological complications, however, are rare, but most important for the prognosis quoad vitam, because a small number of patients with middle face fractures can develop a life-threatening intracranial haematoma that must be rapidly detected and removed.
The aim of this work was to find out whether a reduction of carbon content would reduce the amount of segregated eutectic carbides and improve ductility and toughness. Quenched and temperted specimens of steel X 40 CrMoV 5 1 (-AISI H 13) were tested at carbon contents of 0.42 and 0.27%. Tensile and short time creep tests were carried out at elevated temperatures. Toughness was derived from unnotched, notched and precracked specimens over a temperature range. Stable fatigue crack growth was measured in CT specimens at room temperature and in thermal fatigue specimens. As expected, ductility and toughness are raised by reducing the carbon content. At the same time a favourable improvement of hot strength and creep resistance appears, causing a lower thermal fatigue crack velocity. These beneficial effects are due to the higher alloy content in solution after hardening. It is proposed to test a steel X 28 CrMoV 5 1 for intricate tools in practical application and learn more about its wear behaviour. Auswirkung des Kohlenstoffgehaltes in einem CrMoV Warmarbeitsstahl. Die vorliegende Untersuchung so lite kliiren, ob eine Absenkung des Kohlenstoffgehaltes die Menge der geseigerten eutektischen Carbide verringert und damit die Duktilitiit und Ziihigkeit erhoht, Verqutete Proben des Stahles X 40 CrMoV 5 1 (-AISI H 13) wurden bei Kohlenstoffgehalten von 0,42 bzw. 0,27% untersucht. Zug-und Kurzzeitkriechversuche erfolgten bei erh6hten Temperaturen. Die Ziihigkeit wurde an ungekerbten, gekerbten und angerissenen Proben uber einem Temperaturbereich untersucht. Die Messung der stabilen RiBausbreitung erfolgte an CT-Proben bei Raumtemperatur und an thermischen Errnudunqsproben. Wie erwartet werden die Duktilitiit und Ziihigkeit durch eine Absenkung des Kohlenstoffgehaltes verbessert. Gleichzeitig stellt sich eine h6here Warm-und Kriechfestigkeit ein, was zu einer Verringerung der RiBgeschwindigkeit bei der thermischen Errnudung fuhrt, Diese vorteilhaften Effekte beruhen auf dem h6heren Gehalt an gel6sten Legierungselementen nach dem Hiirten. Es wird vorgeschlagen, einen Stahl X 28 CrMoV 5 1 fur komplizierte Werkzeuge praktisch zu erproben, um mehr iiber sein VerschleiBverhalten zu erfahren.
In einem handelsüblichen mit M0 mikrolegierten Baustahl sollen die im Zugversuch zu ermittelnden mechanischen Eigenschaften durch P‐Zusätze variiert werden.
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