Abstract. Sudaryanto FX, Hardini J, Kalih LATTWS, Asrori MM, Suana IW. 2019. Bird communities and vegetation composition in Nusa Penida, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3676-3683. A study on bird community and vegetation composition in Nusa Penida was carried out to determine its diversity, conservation status, and habitat as an effort to conserve and develop birdwatching ecotourism in Nusa Penida. The study was conducted in Tembeling forest and Ped agroforestry. By using the point count method, we found 80 species of birds: 70 species in Tembeling forest and 79 species in Ped agroforestry. Fourteen species of birds are protected by Indonesian law. According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, four species are Critically Endangered and one species is classified as Near Threatened. We also found eight species of migratory birds. Diversity of birds in Nusa Penida was high. Individuals of each bird species was spread evenly, except Hirundo rustica, Hirundo tahitica and Streptopelia chinensis were dominant. Twenty-five species of trees were found in Tembeling, while in Ped were found 22 species. These vegetations were provided birds with good resources for foraging, resting, and nesting.

Bali Starling (Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann, 1912) is an endemic bird in Bali, which is categorized as critical (Critically endangered). Starting in 2006 Bali starling conservation efforts were also carried out in the Nusa Penida Islands. This study aims to study contribution of the customary village regulation (awig-awig) to the success of the conservation of Bali Starling in the Nusa Penida Islands. Methods used included calculation of the Bali starling population directly with concentrated methods and the awig-awig implementation in the community obtained using AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). Results of the study showed that the population of Bali Starling in 2006 was 49, while in 2015 there were 66 individuals. Awig-awig has been the most important alternative to protect Bali starling. The conclusion of this study is that the Bali Starling population is increasing, and the Nusa Penida Islands community has a perception, and good participation in the awig-awig who protect the Bali Starling.