Environmental biotic stress factors act continuously on plants, through multiple molecular interactions that eventually lead to the establishment and progress of symbiotic or pathogenic complex interactions. Proteins and peptides play noteworthy roles in such biological processes, usually being the main effectors since the initial recognizing and elicitor functions until the following transduction, gene regulation and physiological responses activities. Ranging from specific regulators to direct antimicrobial agents, plant or pathogen proteins and peptides comprise the arsenal available to each side in this biological war, resulting from the genetic coding potential inherited by each one. Post-translational research tools have widely contributed with valuable information on how the plant proteome works to achieve, maintain and adjust plant immunity in order to properly cope with the challenging pathogenic derived proteomes. These key proteins and peptides have great biotechnological potential since they represent distinctive features of each pathogen group (fungi, bacteria, viruses and other) in response to molecules of defense of host plants.
BACKGROUND: The proteomic profile of cryopreserved in vitro produced bovine embryos is little known but can provide insights on the successful application of cryo procedures in support of animal breeding. OBJECTIVE: To identify embryonic proteins and biomarkers related
to improved cryotolerance of vitrified in vitro produced bovine embryos. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Proteins were isolated from embryo pools (n = 25 embryos per replicate) and analyzed using the nanoLC - MS/MS system. Further, the UniProtKB database (Uniprot – http://www.uniprot.org/)
was used for protein identification. Proteins were classified based on their molecular mass, isoelectric point, and enzymatic activity. Post-translational modification predictions and functional gene ontology analysis were performed as well. Finally, a protein-protein interaction network was
created to shed light on the embryo interactome. RESULTS: Based on the MS/MS approach, 66 proteins were identified from vitrified Bos taurus embryos. The retrieved proteins were presumably annotated, which allowed a description of the qualitative and functional aspects of the
embryo proteome after the vitrification process. CONCLUSION: These findings allowed us to conclude that in vitro-produced vitrified embryos expressed proteins that underlie biological processes related to reproduction, stress and lipid metabolic process, which are essential to maintain
embryo viability.
RESUMOA substituição de nematicidas químicos por produtos ecologicamente sustentáveis é uma importante ferramenta no gerenciamento microbiológico do solo e no manejo de fitonematoides. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de isolados fúngicos na redução do parasitismo de Meloidogyne incognita em plantas de tomateiro. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste. Em ambiente protegido foram testados três isolados fúngicos e dois produtos comerciais. Ao 15º dia do início da germinação, procedeu-se com a inoculação dos substratos com os controles (isolados fúngicos do gênero Trichoderma e Gongronella ou produto comercial) e após cinco dias da inoculação dos substratos, procedeu-se a inoculação de 1.100 ovos de M. incognita por planta, exceto a testemunha geral. Aos 45 dias após a inoculação, foram avaliadas a biomassa fresca da parte aérea e raiz, número de galhas no sistema radicular (NGSR), número de ovos (NO), fator de reprodução (FR) e pigmentos fotossintetizantes. Para os teores de todos os pigmentos avaliados, o produto 1 e o isolado CTFN-18 apresentaram médias inferiores às obtidas pela testemunha. Apesar de alguns tratamentos terem influência negativa no teor de pigmentos, não foram observadas alterações na biomassa fresca da parte aérea e raiz. Para o NGSR apenas o produto 1 diferiu dos demais tratamentos, apresentando média superior. Tanto para o NO quanto para o FR, o isolado CTFN-18 não diferiu significativamente do produto 2 que apresentou as menores médias, o que aponta o grande potencial do isolado CTFN-18 para o controle biológico de M. incognita.Palavras-chave: biocontrole, nematoides das galhas, trichoderma.
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