The Eucoilinae (Cynipoidea, Figitidae) are koinobiont endoparasitoids of dipterous larvae and along with the Opiinae (Braconidae) they are the most important natural enemies of the frugivorous flies (Tephritidae, Lonchaeidae and Drosophilidae). This paper deals with the identity, geographical distribution and host associations of eucoiline species with these biological characteristics in Brazil and provides a key for their identification. Eight species are studied, namely: Lopheucoila anastrephae (Rohwer, 1919), Odontosema anastrephae Borgmeier, 1935; Tropideucoila weldi Costa Lima, 1940, Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes, 1924), A. nordlanderi Wharton, 1998, Trybliographa infuscata Gallardo, Diaz & Uchôa, 2000, Dicerataspis grenadensis Ashmead, 1896 and Leptopilina boulardi (Barbotin, Carton & Kelner-Pillaut, 1979). New geographic records for Brazil are provided for L. anastrephae, T. weldi, D. grenadensis, O. anastrephae, T. infuscata and L. boulardi. Bionomic observations suggest that A. pelleranoi is the species most frequently associated with tephritid flies and probably, the most useful as a biological control agent. Lopheucoila anastrephae is an important parasitoid of lonchaeids and D. grenadensis and L. boulardi are natural enemies of drosophilids.

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To determine the impact of α-tomatine at the third trophic level, the following model was developed:Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson, the secondary consumer, acting onHeliothis zea (Boddie), the primary consumer, fed an artificial diet modified with α-tomatine. In vitro, the allelochemical inhibited colony formation and growth of the fungus. The in vivo test revealed that larval growth and developmental time were affected by α-tomatine andN. rileyi. Detrimental effects on pupal development were observed in larvae fed diet containing α-tomatine and also treated withN. rileyi (LC90). The fungus was detected in the hemolymph and tissue of larvae treated with two lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) ofN. rileyi, including those fed α-tomatine. At the LC50, α-tomatine protected larvae againstN. rileyi and increased survivorship; at the LC90, it inhibited the development ofN. rileyi, thereby reducing production of conidia. Thus, the allelochemical α-tomatine retains its antifungal qualities beyond the second trophic level, inhibiting the development ofN. rileyi inH. zea.

This paper deals with 11 species of Cynipoidea parasitoids of dung-flies in Brazil: Neralsia splendens (Borgmeier 1935), Triplasta (Triplasta) atrocoxalis (Ashmead 1895), Triplasta (Pentaplasta) coxalis (Ashmead 1895), Acantheucoela armata (Cresson 1865), Acantheucoila brevispina Dettmer 1930, Acantheucoila coprophila Borgmeier 1935, Acantheucoila fumipennis Borgmeier 1935, Coneucoela brasiliensis Kieffer 1909, Ganaspis fulvocincta Kieffer 1909, Kleidotoma nigra (Hartig 1840), and Paraganaspis egeria Diaz & Gallardo 1996. An illustrated key for their identification, the hosts and the geographic distribution for each species are also given.

The larval endoparasitoid Leptopilina boulardi (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) is reported for the first time associated to Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in raspberries and cherries crops at Alto Valle of Río Negro and Neuquén, being this the southernmost report in Argentina. Parasitoid diagnosis and prevalence are briefly commented. KEYWORDS. Biological control. Parasitoid. Pest. Spotted wing drosophila. RESUMEN. Se cita por primera vez la presencia del endoparasitoide larval Leptopilina boulardi (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) asociado a Drosophila suzukii en cultivos de frambuesas y cerezas del Alto Valle de Río Negro y Neuquén, siendo este reporte el más austral en la Argentina. Se comentan brevemente la diagnosis y la prevalencia del parasitoide.