Information about helminths of Molothrus bonariensis (Gmelin, 1789) (Passeriformes: Icteridae) are scarce; in this sense the objective of this paper was to contribute to its knowledge. Five hosts of southern Brazil were examined and the helminths Prosthogonimus ovatus, Tanaisia valida (Digenea), Diplotriaena bargusinica and Synhimantus (Dispharynx) nasuta ( Keywords: Shiny cowbird, Trematoda, Nematoda, parasites. ResumoInformações sobre helmintos de Molothrus bonariensis (Gmelin, 1789) (Passeriformes: Icteridae) são escassas, nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi contribuir para esse conhecimento. Foram examinados cinco hospedeiros do extremo sul do Brasil, identificou-se os helmintos Prosthogonimus ovatus, Tanaisia valida (Digenea), Diplotriaena bargusinica e Synhimantus (Dispharynx) nasuta (Nematoda). As espécies T. valida, P. ovatus e S. (D.) nasuta são pela primeira vez registradas para a ave no Brasil. Prosthogonimus ovatus, T. valida, D. bargusinica e S. (D.) nasuta são pela primeira vez registradas em M. bonariensis no estado do Rio Grande do Sul.Palavras-chave: Vira-bosta, Trematoda, Nematoda, parasitos. Parasites are among the most common organisms in the world (HOBERG & KUTZ, 2013). They are extremely diversified and play a key role in ecological and evolutionary processes (GOMÉZ & NICHOLS, 2013). Parasitism is one of the most successful ways of living presented by living organisms (POULIN & MORAND, 2000).Birds are commonly parasitized by trematodes, nematodes, cestodes and acanthocephalans, as well as other groups . Taking into account the fact that Brazil presents one of the richest avifaunas in the world, much remains to be explored regarding this subject.Molothrus bonariensis (Gmelin, 1789) (Passeriformes: Icteridae), known as the shiny cowbird, occurs in South America, islands of Central America, United States and Canada (The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2015). In the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, they inhabit the entire state, where enormous flocks often gather in cereal crops, especially rice, during and after harvesting (BELTON, 1994). The male is black-feathered with bluish reflexes, and the female is brown. They feed on seeds and insects, and occasionally on fruits, and often can be seen near to cattle, turning over excrement to look for undigested seeds (EFE et al., 2001).Information regarding the shiny cowbird is mainly focused on the fact that this species lays its eggs in other birds' nests. In Brazil, approximately 60 species belonging to nine families of Passeriformes are affected by the action of the shiny cowbird. This species is entirely dependent on other bird species for its reproduction, because it has not only lost the ability to build its own nests but also the instinct of taking care of its offspring (BLANCO, 1995;SICK, 1997; EFE et al., 2001;MERMOZ & REBOREDA, 2003;ASTIÉ & REBOREDA, 2006).Regarding helminths in M. bonariensis in Brazil, there have been isolated reports of Lyperosomum oswaldoi (Travassos, 1919) (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) (TRAVASSOS ...

Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad www.ib.unam.mx/revista/ Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87 (2016) 35-41 Taxonomy and systematics Intestinal digeneans of freshwater turtles Phrynops hilarii and Acanthochelys spixii (Testudines: Chelidae) from southern Brazil Digéneos intestinales en tortugas de agua dulce Phrynops hilarii y Acanthochelys spixii (Testudines: Chelidae) del sur de Brasil

Helminthological studies with Chelidae freshwater turtles in South America were conducted in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil, where nematodes, digeneans and monogeneans were reported. In this context, the study aims to report new cases of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of Acanthochelys spixii, Hydromedusa tectifera, and Phrynops hilarii. A total of 65 hosts from the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were examined. Seven taxa belonging to Nematoda, Digenea, and Monogenoidea have new cases on hosts Chelidae in South America, as well as a Nematoda and two Digenea have new host cases for Brazil. Thus, the study expands the knowledge about the diversity of helminths and the geographic distribution of taxa associated with Chelidae turtles.

Lagochilascariasis, a parasitic disease little known in Brazil, is caused by an ascarid nematode that has a peculiar life cycle, with a predilection site for the cervical region in the final hosts: humans, cats and dogs. We aimed to record the occurrence of Lagochilascaris minor in domestic cats from rural areas in the Municipality of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, with reports of clinical signs and the treatment applied.

The diversity of avian nasal mites has been incompletely studied in South America and most reports have been made on the fauna of Brazil, especially from the 1940s to 1970s. Recently, the development of new research has contributed records of species not previously reported in the country. As a result, a compilation of records of nasal mites (Astigmata: Cytoditidae, Turbinoptidae; Prostigmata: Ereynetidae; Mesostigmata: Rhinonyssidae) of birds in Brazil is presented. One hundred and twenty-four species of nasal mites were recorded parasitizing 168 bird species. The Rhinonyssidae was the family with the highest number of mites reported (108 species). Most nasal mite hosts in Brazil are native birds, however, mites have also been reported parasitizing captive exotic birds, as well as introduced species and domesticated birds.