Este trabalho pretendeu compreender a percepção de residentes em Enfermagem Obstétrica sobre violência obstétrica em uma maternidade referência do município de Belo Horizonte, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Trata-se de estudo descritivo e exploratório de abordagem qualitativa. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de grupo focal. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin, da qual emergiram três categorias: condutas inadequadas de assistência ao parto; procedimentos desnecessários com finalidades didáticas e/ou iatrogênicas; e preconceito de gênero, raça/etnia e de classe socioeconômica. O estudo aponta que as residentes reconhecem a prática da violência obstétrica no processo de formação e suas repercussões para a mulher e, ainda, evidencia a necessidade premente de investimento institucional em espaços que promovam discussões sobre a violência obstétrica.

No abstract

Objetivo: Buscar as evidências científicas sobre os efeitos do uso de cocaína e crack durante a gestação para o recém-nascido. Métodos: Trata-se de uma de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada pelas bases de dados Medical Literature on Line (via PubMed), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) e a Base de Dados de Enfermagem. Para estratégia de busca utilizou-se os seguintes descritores em inglês e português: pregnancy, crack, cocaine, Pregnancy Complications, Fetus, Street Drugs, Infant, Newborn. Foram incluídos artigos originais, disponíveis na íntegra, publicados entre os anos de 2014 a 2019. Resultados: Obteve-se um total de 9 artigos incluídos neste estudo. Os principais efeitos do uso do crack ou cocaína durante a gestação para o recém-nascido foram baixo APGAR, atraso de desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, baixo peso ao nascer, alterações nos reflexos primitivos, malformação congênita e microcefalia. Conclusão: Foram encontrados nove artigos que compuseram a amostra final deste estudo. Esse número reafirma a necessidade de realizar estudos originais sobre os efeitos biológicos do uso do crack ou da cocaína na gestação para o recém-nascido.Descritores: Gravidez; Relações Materno-Fetais;  Cocaína Crack.EFFECTS OF THE USE OF CRACK AND COCAINE DURING PREGNANCY FOR THE NEWBORNObjective: Find out the evidences about the effect of the use of cocaine and crack during the privacy for the newborn. Methods: It is a integrative literature review, based on the Medical Literature on Line - MEDLINE (by PubMed), Latina American literature and Caribbean in Heath Science- LILACS (at Virtual lLibrary in Heath) and the Nursing dates (BDENF). For search strategy, the following descriptors (DeCS) in English and Portuguese were used: Pregnancy, Complications, Fetus, Street, Drugs, Infant, Newborn. Original articles available in full, published between 2014 and 2019 were included. Results: A total of 9 articles were included in this study. The main effects of crack or cocaine use during the pregnancy for the newborn were low APGAR, delayed neuropsychomotor, low birth weight, changes in primitive reflexes, congenital malformation and microcephaly. Conclusions: Nine articles were found that comprised the final sample of this study. This number reaffirm the need to carry out original studies on the biological effects of crack and cocaine use during pregnancy for the newborn. Descriptors: Pregnancy; Maternal-fetal relations; Crack cocaine.EFECTOS DEL USO DE LA CRACK Y COCAÍNA DURANTE EL EMBARAZO PARA RECIÉN NACIDOObjetivo: Buscar evidencia científica sobre los efectos del uso de cocaína y crack durante el embarazo para el recién nacido. Métodos: Esta es una revisión de literatura integradora, realizada por Medical Literature on Line - MEDLINE (a través de PubMed), Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud - LILACS (a través de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud) y la base de datos de enfermería (BDENF). Para la estrategia de búsqueda, se utilizaron los siguientes descriptores (DeCS) en inglés y portugués: embarazo, crack, cocaína, complicaciones del embarazo, feto, drogas callejeras, lactantes, recién nacidos. Se incluyeron artículos originales, disponibles en su totalidad, publicados entre 2014 y 2019. Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 9 artículos incluidos en este estudio. Los principales efectos del uso de crack o cocaína durante el embarazo para el recién nacido fueron bajo APGAR, retraso en el desarrollo neuropsicomotor, bajo peso al nacer, cambios en los reflejos primitivos, malformación congénita y microcefalia. Conclusión: Se encontraron nueve artículos que constituían la muestra final de este estudio. Este número reafirma la necesidad de llevar a cabo estudios originales sobre los efectos biológicos del uso de crack o cocaína durante el embarazo para el recién nacido.Descriptores: Embarazo; Relaciones materno-fetales; Cocaína crack.

Background It has been hypothesized that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have changed the conduct of obstetric practices at the time of labor, delivery, and birth. In Brazil, many practices lacking scientific evidence are implemented in this care, which is charcaterized by excessive use of unnecessary interventions. This scenario may have been worsened by the pandemic. Thus, we analyzed the effects of the pandemic on care during prenatal care and delivery by comparing the results of two surveys (one was administered before the pandemic and the other during the pandemic) in public hospitals in Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. Methods This cross-sectional and comparative study analyzed preliminary data from the study “Childbirth and breastfeeding in children of mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2”, which was conducted in three referral maternity hospitals in Belo Horizonte - MG during the pandemic in the first half of 2020 in Brazil. The final sample consisted of 1532 eligible women. These results were compared with data from 390 puerperae who gave birth in the three public hospitals in the study “Birth in Belo Horizonte: labor and birth survey”, conducted before the pandemic to investigate the changes in practices of labor and delivery care for the mother and her newborn, with or without COVID-19 infection, before and during the pandemic. In this research, “Birth in Belo Horizonte: labor and birth survey”, data collection was performed between November 2011 and March 2013 by previously trained nurses. Between study comparisons were performed using Pearson’s chi-square test, with a confidence level of 95%, and using Stata statistical program. Results We found a significant increase in practices recommended by the World Health Organization during the pandemic including the following: diet offering (48.90 to 98.65%), non-pharmacological pain relief (43.84 to 67.57%), and breastfeeding in the newborn´s first hour of life (60.31 to 77.98%) (p < 0.001). We found a significant reduction of non-recommended interventions, such as routine use of episiotomy (15.73 to 2.09%), the Kristeller maneuver (16.55 to 0.94%), oxytocin infusion misused (45.55 to 28.07%), amniotomy (30.81 to 15.08%), and lithotomy position during labor (71.23 to 6.54%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion Our study revealed a statistically significant increase in the proportion of use of recommended practices and a reduction in non-recommended practices during labor and delivery. However, despite advances in the establishment of World Health Organization recommended practices in labor, delivery, and birth, the predominance of interventionist and medicalized practices persists, which is worsened by events, such as the pandemic.