RESUMO Introdução A Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP) tem se destacado na educação médica por ser uma proposta fundamentada no construtivismo, com a finalidade de desenvolver a autonomia e o raciocínio crítico do estudante para tomada de decisões. Objetivo Por conta das dificuldades encontradas pelos graduandos e das escassas informações relativas à contribuição da ABP para a prática clínica de médicos pediatras, objetivou-se avaliar a contribuição da ABP para a formação dos médicos pediatras. Metodologia Trata-se de uma série de casos de abordagem descritiva, desenvolvida com médicos pediatras egressos de duas instituições públicas de ensino. A definição da amostra ocorreu de forma intencional, amostragem não probabilística, em que os atributos dos participantes são definidos conforme o objeto de estudo, a fim de selecionar quais os indivíduos são mais adequados para serem incluídos na amostra, a qual é composta por dez médicos pediatras, sendo cinco egressos de cada instituição. Para responderem ao questionário, selecionaram-se médicos especialistas em pediatria. A coleta de dados foi realizada pela pesquisadora principal, por meio de três questões semiestruturadas respondidas via e-mail. As respostas dos entrevistados às questões abertas foram analisadas pelo método de análise reflexão-síntese, que pressupõe a análise e síntese de conteúdo mediadas pela sensibilidade e pela razão. Resultados Os resultados obtidos entre 2003 e 2012 indicaram que 28% dos médicos pediatras apresentavam título de especialista e 72% não o tinham esse título. Os discursos apresentados pelos participantes permitiram identificar que a ABP contribuiu para a formação e atuação dos médicos pediatras em diferentes aspectos, proporcionando a busca de conhecimento, a habilidade para trabalhar em equipe e a facilidade para realizar o manejo clínico de forma interdisciplinar e holística. Porém, os discursos também demonstraram que esse método pode não favorecer o aprofundamento das matérias básicas. Conclusão A ABP contribuiu para a formação e atuação do médico pediatra, porém pode não ter favorecido o aprofundamento das matérias básicas.

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STI) have consequences that negatively affect the population's quality of life and health. Young adults are susceptible to low access to preventive measures and a greater behavior risk. The objective was to evaluate and compare STI' Knowledge in university students from health courses, a public institution, and a private institution of higher education in Brazil. Methods: a cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 in Brazil at the FEMA School of Medicine in Assis-SP and the University of the State of São Paulo (UNESP) in Marília in the courses of Physiotherapy, Speech Therapy, and Occupational Therapy, in undergraduate students, over 18 years of age, through a self-applied questionnaire translated and adapted to the Brazilian Portuguese from the STD-KQ – Transmitted Disease Knowledge Questionnaire.Results: 462/700 students participated (66.66%) 18-46 years of age (mean 21.46 years, +/- 3.61), 99 men and 363 women. In the private institution, 262/340 (77.06%), and in the public institution, 200/360 (55.55%). The mean age was 22.21 (+/- 4.21) years among men and 21.25 (+/- 3.41) years among women. The mean percentage of the 28 test questions' correct answers was 52.07%.  The average number of correct responses per student was 17.49 out of 28 possible, 62% (+/-4.97). The distribution between the groups was normal. In the multiple linear regression model for the percentage of correct answers, adjusted for the confounding variables, the intercept was 55.2. The students of the private institution answered 19,655 questions more than the public one (P<.001), and for each semester of graduation, the students answered 1,628 more questions (P<.001). There were no relevant differences regarding the gender and age of the students. Conclusion: there are gaps in STI knowledge among university students in the health area. The students of the first semesters of the courses, and, in particular, students from a public educational institution, had a significantly lower performance of the right in the questionnaire applied. Thus, actions to promote STI knowledge and preventive attitudes are necessary among university students.

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STI) have consequences that negatively affect the population's quality of life and health. Young adults are susceptible to low access to preventive measures and a greater risk behavior risk. The objective was to evaluate and compare STI' Knowledge in university students from health courses, a public institution, and a private institution of higher education in Brazil. Methods: a cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 in Brazil at the FEMA School of Medicine in Assis-SP and the University of the State of Sao Paulo (UNESP) in Marilia in the courses of Physiotherapy, Speech Therapy, and Occupational Therapy, in undergraduate students, over 18 years of age, through a self-applied questionnaire translated and adapted to the Brazilian Portuguese from the Transmitted Disease Knowledge Questionnaire (STD-KQ). Results: 462/700 students participated (66.66%) 18-46 years of age (mean 21.46 years, +/- 3.61), 99 men and 363 women. In the private institution, 262/340 (77.06%), and in the public institution, 200/360 (55.55%). The mean age was 22.21 (+/- 4.21) years among men and 21.25 (+/- 3.41) years among women. The mean percentage of the 28 test questions' correct answers was 52.07%. The average number of correct responses per student was 17.49 out of 28 possible, 62% (+/-4.97). The distribution between the groups was normal. In the multiple linear regression model for the percentage of correct answers, adjusted for the confounding variables, the intercept was 55.2. The students of the private institution answered 19,655 questions more than the public one (P<.001), and for each semester of graduation, the students answered 1,628 more questions (P<.001). There were no relevant differences regarding the gender and age of the students. Conclusion: there are gaps in STI knowledge among university students in the health area. The students of the first semesters of the courses, and, in particular, students from a public educational institution, had a significantly lower performance of the right in the questionnaire applied. Thus, actions to promote STI knowledge and preventive attitudes are necessary among university students.