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Approximately 75% of the worldwide production of hard natural fibers originates from sisal, an industrial crop from arid and semiarid tropical regions. Brazil is the world's largest producer of sisal fiber, accounting for more than 40% of the worldwide production, and sisal bole rot disease has been the main phytosanitary problem of this crop. All previous studies reporting Aspergillus niger as the causal agent of the disease were based on the morphological features of fungal isolates from infected plant tissues in pure cultures. Black aspergilli are one of the most complex and difficult groups to classify and identify. Therefore, we performed an integrative analysis of this disease based on the isolation of black aspergilli from the endospheres and soils in the root zones of symptomatic adult plants, in vivo pathogenicity tests, histopathology of symptomatic plants, and molecular phylogeny and worldwide genetic variability of the causal agent. All sisal isolates were pathogenic and unequivocally produced symptoms of bole rot disease in healthy plants. In all tree-based phylogenetic methods used, a monophyletic group formed by A. welwitschiae along with all sisal isolates was retrieved. Ten A. welwitschiae haplotypes have been identified in the world, and three occur in the largest sisal-producing area. Most of the isolates are from a unique haplotype, present in only the sisal-producing region. A. welwitschiae destroyed parenchymatic and vascular cylinder cells and induced the necrosis of internal stem tissues. Therefore, sisal bole disease is probably the consequence of a saprotrophic fungus that opportunistically invades sisal plants and behaves as a typical necrotrophic pathogen.

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(Coléteres foliares e calicinais de Temnadenia violacea (Apocynaceae, Apocynoideae): estrutura e distribuição). Este trabalho descreve a origem, estrutura e posição dos coléteres dos ápices vegetativos e florais de Temnadenia violacea (Vell.) Miers e comprova a presença de mucilagem na secreção produzida por estas estruturas. O número de coléteres foliares varia de 9 a 11 por primórdio e de 18 a 22 por nó; apenas um tem origem axilar, sendo os demais de origem marginal. Quanto à posição, cinco coléteres são peciolares e os demais interpeciolares. Os coléteres foliares são dos tipos standard e séssil, sendo constituídos por uma porção alongada, formada por um núcleo central de células parenquimáticas, revestido por epiderme secretora em paliçada uniestratificada e cutícula delgada. Tricomas tectores e tecido vascular ocorrem apenas nos coléteres marginais distais. No ápice floral, os coléteres calicinais têm origem na base do cálice, sendo três coléteres opostos a cada uma das lacínias. Todos os coléteres calicinais possuem um núcleo central de células parenquimáticas, epiderme secretora em paliçada uniestratificada, cutícula delgada e são sésseis; o eixo parenquimático destes coléteres é destituído de vascularização e os laticíferos observados são de pequeno calibre. A mucilagem foi detectada tanto na secreção dos coléteres foliares quanto dos calicinais.
(Foliar and calycine colleters of Temnadenia violacea (Apocynaceae, Apocynoideae): structure and distribution). The present work describes the origin, structure and position of the colleters on vegetative and floral apices of Temnadenia violacea (Vell.) Miers and confirms the presence of mucilage in the secretion produced by those structures. The number of foliar colleters ranges from 9 to 11 per primordium and from 18 to 22 per node; only one has an axilar origin, while the others originate along the margins. Concerning position, five of them are petiolar and the others are interpetiolar. There are two types of foliar colleters: standard and sessile, and they consist of a main body composed of a central core of elongated parenchyma cells surrounded by a secretory palisade epidermis and a thin cuticle. Tector trichomes and vascular tissue occur only on the distal marginal colleters. On the floral apices, the calycine colleters are formed at the base of the calyx, three of them opposite the sepals. All of the calycine colleters have a central core of elongated parenchyma cells, a secretory palisade epidermis, a thin cuticle, and are sessile. The calycine colleters are not vascularized and the laticifers are narrow. Mucilage was detected in the secretion of both foliar and calycine colleters

Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult., Convolvulaceae, is a weed that infests agricultural areas and is toxic to cattle. In spite of its toxicity, the leaves of this plant are used in traditional remedies in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The present work describes the leaf anatomy of I. asarifolia and characterizes the exudates of its secretory structures. The leaves have a unistratifi ed epidermis composed of ordinary cells with straight to slightly sinuous anticlinal walls and thin cuticles. Paracytic stomata are found on both surfaces of the leaves at the same level as the ordinary epidermal cells. Trichomes producing polysaccharide secretions occur on the petiole and leaf blade and are considered colleters. The mesophyll is dorsiventral and the vascular bundle of the central vein is bicollateral. Two opposed nectaries occur on the petiole near the leaf blade. Each nectary is composed of a small canal with internal ramifi cations and numerous secretory trichomes. The laticiferous glands are articulated, not anastomosed, and are composed of large diameter cells with thin cell walls. The secretions of the laticiferous glands are lipidic.