Due to the increased demand for healthier confectionery products and the great importance of finding environmentally appropriate destinations for fruit processing byproducts, this study evaluated the performance of a Brazilian fruit (uvaia, Eugenia pyriformis) byproduct in coloring sugar hard‐panning confections compared to synthetic caramel color and a natural fruit/plant‐based concentrate. The obtained products were characterized according to their sensory acceptance, instrumental texture and color, water activity, moisture content, glass transition temperature, and sorption isotherm. A strong influence of the coloring agents was observed on the coatings' physical and chemical parameters. Comparatively, the uvaia byproduct induced a significant increase in the hardness and glass transition temperature of the confection, which may result in better stability concerning the maintenance of crunchiness. A sensory preference for naturally colored confections compared to a synthetically colored confection was observed. The uvaia byproduct presents technological potential as a sustainable coloring agent with low cost for confections. Practical applications Panned products account for a considerable portion of the total confectionery volume consumed worldwide. The inclusion of fruit processing byproducts in panned confections, specifically for the uvaia byproduct, is presented as a viable alternative for the natural coloring of a confectionery using a sustainable and low‐cost ingredient. The methodology developed in this study has the potential to replace the conventional coloring additive for hard sugar‐panned confectionery products, and it may be applicable in several types of confectionery products. The use of fruit byproducts with ability to impact color to the coating of panned confections may allow the removal of synthetic color additives, reducing the consumption of artificially colored products, and the occurrence of adverse reactions in consumer health.

Based on flow assurance studies a Pipe-in-Pipe solution was selected to assure the flow for a gas pipeline connecting the well 4-ESS-138 to FPSO Cidade de Vito´ria located in Canapu field. The flow assurance studies also define the value of 0.8W/m2K for the overall heat transfer coefficient (OHTC) in order to prevent hydrate formation. The temperature of 87°C on the wellhead should be preserved to permit the proper gas flow in 20km PIP length between wellhead and FPSO. Canapu field is located in the offshore area of Brazil (Espirito Santo state) in water depths of 1608m. This paper presents the main aspects related to the detailed design, thermo-mechanical requirements, materials specifications, functional qualification tests performed on materials and on pipe-in-pipe systems to satisfy installation constraints defined by the reel-lay method and operational issues.

Large diameter UOE pipes are being increasingly used for the construction of offshore pipelines. Since oil discoveries are moving towards ultra-deepwater areas, such as Pre-Salt in Brazil, collapse resistance is a key factor in the design of the pipelines. It is known that the cold forming, and the final expansion in the UOE linepipe manufacturing process, reduces the elastic limit of the steel in subsequent compression. Due to this, the DNV collapse formula includes a fabrication factor that derates by a 15% the yield strength of UOE Pipes. However, DNV also recognizes the effect of thermal treatments and the code allows for improvement of the fabrication factor when heat treatment or external cold sizing (compression) is applied, if documented. This paper presents the qualification of UOE pipes with enhanced collapse capacity focusing the use of a fabrication factor (αfab) equal to 1. TenarisConfab has performed a technology qualification process according to DNV-RP-A203 standard “Qualification Procedures for New Technology”. The main aspects of the qualification process are presented in this paper which included significant material and full scale testing, including combine load testing, and final analysis. The qualification process achieved successful results and this will allow use of a fabrication factor equal to 1 directly in deepwater and ultra-deepwater offshore pipeline projects with a possible reduction in material and offshore installation costs and also potentially enhancing the feasibility of many challenging offshore projects.

This paper discusses the thermo-mechanical design of the pipe-in-pipe (PIP) flowline installed in the Canapu field, located in Espi´rito Santo State, offshore Brazil. The pipeline is approximately 20km in length and connects the gas producing well 4-ESS-138 positioned in a depth of 1608m to Cidade de Vito´ria FPSO, located in Golfinho field. The Canapu PIP will operate under high pressure and temperature (HP/HT) conditions and is laid on the seabed. Due to the operational conditions, the thermo-mechanical design evaluated the susceptibility of the pipeline to the phenomenon of lateral buckling and pipeline walking in addition to free spanning and on-bottom stability. The lateral buckling behavior of the PIP is the major challenge for the design. It can be a safe and effective way to accommodate the thermal expansion of a hot pipeline, however high stress and strains can be developed in the buckles and a conventional stress based approach is not suited to design a pipeline that buckles laterally. The conventional stress limits are therefore relaxed and replaced by a strain limit. For this the methodology and recommendations of the SAFEBUCK JIP were adopted. The thermo-mechanical analysis selected a buckle initiation strategy based on distributed buoyancy. The strategy combines three distributed buoyancy triggers along the route together with the beneficial effect of the bathymetric out-of-straightness. The analysis shows that this initiation strategy is robust and highly reliable. From the start, this project represented a great challenge for Petrobras; it is the first PIP in Petrobras; has a low value specified for OHTC; and the pipeline is susceptible to lateral buckling. Besides all that, since the Canapu project was included among the priorities of Petrobras Plangas, it was executed as a fast track project.

The domestic demand of gas is increasing in Brazil. Petrobras is responding to this challenge by bringing several gas fields on stream offshore Brazil. Among them is the Canapu field, located east of the State of Espirito Santo, about 75 km off the coast, in a water depth of 1608 m. The produced gas is transported using a 20 km long pipe-in-pipe (PIP) system to the Cidade de Vitoria floating, production, storage and offloading system (FPSO) located in the Golfinho field to be processed and then exported onshore through an existing gas pipeline.Technip was awarded an engineering, procurement, construction and installation (EPCI) contract and was responsible for the detailed design and installation of the first ever reeled PIP system offshore Brazil. The project was awarded on a fasttrack basis, which required design, qualification, fabrication and installation of the PIP system in less than 18 months. The scope also included two pipeline end terminations (PLET) with seven gate valves, free span rectification, the crossing of three flexible flowlines, and, pre-commissioning activities (flooding, cleaning, gauging and hydrotesting). The PIP system was also prone to lateral buckling, which required definition of a robust mitigation strategy.The design requirements for the Canapu PIP system involved the design and qualification of several technically advanced components and novelties in PIP design including the application of the first ever reelable mechanically clamped waterstop system and the use of buoyancy modules for lateral buckling management on a PIP system. This paper presents the overview of the design, fabrication and installation of Canapu PIP system as well as a summary of the qualification test program performed for the different PIP system components.