ResumoEste paper apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa financiada pelo CNPq para estudar o fomento à produção audiovisual no Brasil. A pesquisa baseou-se no conceito de indústrias criativas e possuía três objetivos: caracterizar as ações correntes do governo federal de fomento à produção audiovisual; compreender as relações entre as ações de fomento e o conceito de indústrias criativas; identificar as redes que se formam entre os atores envolvidos na elaboração de políticas de fomento para o setor. O método incluiu: análise de websites, questionários e entrevistas. Os resultados demonstraram que as políticas de fomento são marcadas por suporte financeiro, mas, também, por esforços para gerar sustentabilidade econômica das empresas no segmento audiovisual. Os fomentadores indicam como necessidades no setor: mais informações sobre o mercado audiovisual; melhor capacitação em negócios entre os produtores; e maiores recursos orça-mentários e humanos para implementar as políticas. Os agentes fomentadores usam o conceito de indústrias criativas, mas ele não é um elemento central nas suas políticas. Eles estabelecem relações entre si para as ações de fomento, mas nem todos se relacionam com todos. Palavras-chave: indústrias criativas, fomento à produção audiovisual, políticas públicas AbstractThis paper presents the results of a research financed by CNPq, to study the foment of audiovisual production in Brazil. The research was based in the concept of creative industries and had three main objectives: characterization of present foment policies to audiovisual production in the federal government; comprehension of the relationship between fomenting actions and the concept of creative industries; identification of networks that are formed among actors in charge of policy-making to the sector. The method included: analysis of websites, questionnaires and interviews. The results showed that fomenting policies are strongly marked by financial support but also by efforts to provide economic health to audiovisual firms. Fomenters align as needs to the sector: more information about the market; better business skills to producers; and more human and financial resources to implementation of policies. Policy-makers use the concept of creative industries but it is not central in their policies. They establish relationships among them to better provide foment, but the network they form does not include relationship among all of them. Keywords: Creative Industries. Foment to Audiovisual Producers. Public Policies ResumenEn este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la investigación financiada por el CNPq para estudiar la promoción de la producción audiovisual en Brasil. La investigación se basa en el concepto de industrias creativas y tenía tres objetivos: caracterizar las acciones actuales del gobierno federal para promover la producción audiovisual; entender la relación entre las acciones de desarrollo y el concepto de industrias creativas; identificar las redes que se forman entre los actores involucrados en las políticas de ...
Problemas que envolvem o movimento da água no solo, despertam interesse acadêmico desde o século passado. Dados da Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) mostram grande desperdício de água, principalmente na irrigação de solos saturados. O movimento de água no solo pode ser determinado por meio da equação de Richards, que é um modelo matemático responsável por calcular a umidade volumétrica no solo, assim como o potencial de água no mesmo. Trata-se de uma equação diferencial parcial parabólica não-linear, que necessita de parâmetros empíricos, analisados em laboratório, o que demanda alto custo financeiro e de tempo. Neste trabalho são obtidos os resultados numéricos da solução da equação de Richards, a qual é resolvida utilizando o Método de Volumes Finitos, que tem como característica ser conservativo. Para resolver a referida equação é necessário conhecer a curva de retenção, que é uma relação entre umidade volumétrica e potencial de água no solo. Para validar os resultados obtidos, utiliza-se o trabalho de Haverkamp. Foi implementada a modelagem inversa para obter os parâmetros da equação de Richards aplicando o método de Luus-Jaakola, os resultados simulados foram similares aos dados experimentais.
Evapotranspiration is an important parameter to evaluate soil water deficit and water use efficiency, especially at places with irregularly distributed precipitation. The aim of this study was to assess the daily actual evapotranspiration (ETa) estimated by the Thornthwaite and Mather soil water balance method adapted for crops (ThM) and by the dual Kc approach with the crop coefficients optimized from inversing modeling and by the adjustment procedure suggested in FAO-56. The models comparison and optimization were performed with actual evapotranspiration determined by the Bowen ratio -energy balance method (ETβ) for sugarcane at full canopy closure grown in Alagoas State, Northeastern Brazil. The objective function of the inverse problem was defined in terms of ETβ and ETa estimated by the ThM and dual Kc method by optimizing single crop coefficient (Kc) and the basal coefficient Kcb, respectively. Both optimized Kc and Kcb were lower than the adjusted Kc FAO56, with optimized Kc only 3% less than the Kc obtained experimentally. ETa estimated by ThM and dual Kc models with optimized crop coefficients (Kc = 1.05 or Kcb = 1.00) had similar high precision (r² > 0.79) and accuracy (dm > 0.93 and RMSE < 0.30 mm d -1 ), whereas using the coefficients derived from FAO 56 overestimated ETa in both models.
Evapotranspiration is an important parameter to evaluate soil water deficit and water use efficiency, especially at places with irregularly distributed precipitation.The aim of this study was to assess the daily actual evapotranspiration (ETa) estimated by the Thornthwaite and Mather soil water balance method adapted for crops (ThM) and by the dual Kc approach with the crop coefficients optimized from inversing modeling and by the adjustment procedure suggested in FAO-56. The models comparison and optimization were performed with actual evapotranspiration determined by the Bowen ratio – energy balance method (ETβ) for sugarcane at full canopy closure grown in Alagoas State, Northeastern Brazil. The objective function of the inverse problem was defined in terms of ETβ and ETa estimated by the ThM and dual Kc method by optimizing single crop coefficient (Kc) and the basal coefficient Kcb, respectively. Both optimized Kcand Kcbwere lower than the adjusted KcFAO56, with optimized Kconly 3% less than the Kc obtained experimentally. ETa estimated by ThM and dual Kc models with optimized crop coefficients (Kc = 1.05 or Kcb = 1.00) had similar high precision (r² >0.79) and accuracy (dm>0.93 and RMSE < 0.30 mm d-1), whereas using the coefficients derived from FAO 56 overestimated ETa in both models.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.