With the increasing diffusion of renewable energy producers in electricity grids, new policies and tariff systems have been recently developed. This work revolves around a particular support system named NRG-X-Change, which makes use of a virtual currency called NRGcoin. The NRG-X-Change system is based on two NRGcoin payment functions: one to establish the price at which prosumers are rewarded for their energy production, and the other to establish the price at which consumers pay the energy they consume. The detailed analysis provided in this paper identifies some important issues in these payment functions limiting their applicability, namely: (i) not taking congestions into account; (ii) encouraging curtailment of renewable energy production; and (iii) not ensuring that the prosumers consume their own energy before selling it. This work addresses these limitations by proposing two novel payment functions whose advantageous properties are demonstrated by theoretical analysis and in simulation using real data coming from an existing grid. CCS CONCEPTS • Hardware → Power networks; Smart grid.

Local energy communities (LECs) comprise prosumers cooperating for the satisfaction of their energy needs. Prosumers are community members that can both produce and consume energy. LECs facilitate the integration of renewables and provide the potential for reducing energy costs. Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading allows direct energy exchange between members of a local energy community. The surplus of energy from renewables is traded to meet a local consumption demand so that costs and revenues stay within community avoiding transmission losses and stress on the grid. This study presents a design of the peer-to-peer market for local energy communities where prosumers are rational and self-interested agents acting selfishly in an attempt to optimize their trades. The market design aims to ensure self-consumption of locally produced energy and provides incentives for balancing supply and demand within community. The proposed design is investigated in comparison with existing ones using theoretical analysis and simulations. The obtained results are promising and reveal advantageous properties of the proposed P2P energy trading.

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