Significance and Impact of the Study: The high diversity of Diptera (Insecta) species (>157 000) worldwide, feeding habits, and the access to contaminated environments, make these insects potential vector-borne of more than 200 pathogens to humans and animals. Here, 217 adult specimens of Diptera were collected in the environment of nine dairy farms with a history of clinical mastitis. From these, 275 microorganisms were identified, with a predominance of pathogens related to environmental bovine mastitis (Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli), in addition to agents with well-known zoonotic nature (e.g. Bacillus cereus), indicating that control of this insect in dairy farms pose relevance in human and animal health.

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Aims We aimed to investigate the prevalence of rotavirus and coronavirus in dipterans that commonly inhabit the environment of dairy farms. Methods and results We collected 217 insect specimens from nine dairy farms, which were examined through hemi-nested RT-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing in search of VP1 and N genes for rotavirus and bovine coronavirus-BCoV, respectively. Eleven families of Diptera were identified, with a predominance of Muscidae (152/217=70%). Rotavirus A (RVA) and BCoV were detected in 14.7% (32/217) and 4.6% (10/217) of the dipterans, respectively. Sequencing of the amplicons was possible for 11.5% (25/217) of RVA and 0.5% (1/217) of BCoV, confirming the presence of these pathogens. Conclusions Our findings highlight the role of dipterans as carriers of rotavirus A and betacoronavirus of great relevance for public and animal health.

The objectives were to study the diversity of Enterococcus spp. isolated from mastitis cases, milking equipment and the environment of dairy cows; and to determine in vitro resistance of isolates to antimicrobials that are relevant to human and animal health. Ten dairy farms were visited to collect samples from mastitis cases, faeces, bedding, aisles, water and milking equipment. Identification of Enterococcus at the species level and antimicrobial resistance testing was performed by MALDI‐TOF and the disk‐diffusion method, respectively. Of 365 isolates, Enterococcus hirae was the most prevalent, being more likely to be isolated from faeces than from milk (odds ratio (OR) = 39·2), liners (OR = 5·4) or bedding (OR = 2·2). Enterococcus saccharolyticus was the most prevalent in milk samples. The chances of isolating Enterococcus faecalis from milk were higher than from aisles (OR = 12·5), faeces (OR = 5·3), bedding (OR = 3·6) or liners (OR = 3·0). The odds of isolating Enterococcus faecium from faeces were higher than from liners (OR = 7·3), bedding (OR = 2·5) or aisles (OR = 2·4). Of 360 tested isolates, 1·9, 0·3 and 0·6% were resistant to penicillin, vancomycin and teicoplanin, respectively. Our results suggest that Enterococcus species can occupy specific ecological niches on dairy farms and pose a risk to public and animal health.