Introduction: The characterization of immune and oxidative stress responses to acute and chronic exercise training is important because it may aid in the safety and dose–response prescription of resistance training (RT) in many populations.Purpose: The present study compared changes in acute oxidative stress and markers of apoptosis in immune cells before and after 8 weeks of low-load RT with total or partial blood flow restriction (BFR) versus high-load traditional RT.Methods: Twenty-seven untrained men were randomly divided into three groups: traditional RT [75% one-repetition maximum (1-RM)], RT with partial (20% 1-RM), and total BFR (20% 1-RM). Over an 8-week period, participants performed six sets of arm curls until failure with 90 seconds of recovery for 3 days/week. Blood samples were obtained before and after the first and last training sessions.Results: Data indicated that all training groups showed similar increases in muscular strength (p < 0.001), reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) after exercise in neutrophils (p < 0.001), and increase in caspase-3 activity after exercise (p < 0.001). Traditional RT and total BFR showed increased plasma lipid peroxidation (p < 0.001) and protein carbonyls (p < 0.001) and lower levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.001) after exercise. No change was observed in oxidative stress biomarkers in response to partial BFR (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Data show that RT with partial BFR can increase muscular strength but still does not augment biomarkers of oxidative stress in untrained men. In addition, RT with total BFR promoted similar responses of oxidative stress and markers of immune cell apoptosis versus traditional RT.

OBJECTIVE:Dengue is a worldwide public health problem with approximately 50 million cases reported annually. The World Health Organization proposed a revised classification system in 2008 to more effectively identify the patients who are at increased risk of complications from dengue. Few studies have validated this new classification system in clinical practice. We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients hospitalized for dengue in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, to evaluate the capacity of the two classification systems for detecting severe cases of dengue.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We conducted a cross-sectional study of survey data from the medical records of patients admitted to the University Hospital of the Federal University of Grande Dourados under clinical suspicion of dengue during an epidemic from September 2009 to April 2010.RESULTS:The distribution of patients according to the traditional classification system was as follows: dengue fever, 150/181 (82.9%); dengue hemorrhagic fever, 27/181 (14.9%); and dengue hemorrhagic shock, 4/181 (2.2%). Using the revised classification system, the distribution was as follows: dengue without warning signs, 45/181 (24.3%); dengue with warning signs, 107/181 (59.1%); and severe dengue, 29/181 (15.6%). Of the 150 patients classified as having dengue fever, 105 (70%) were reclassified as having dengue with warning signs or severe dengue.CONCLUSION:These data demonstrate that the revised classification system has greater discriminatory power for detecting patients at risk of progression to severe disease and those needing hospitalization.

Introduction: High-intensity interval training (HIT) has been used as an alternative to cardiorespiratory training performed continuously at submaximal intensity and over long periods. Objectives: Propose a treadmill HIT protocol and verify the influence of six HIT sessions with this protocol on ventilatory anaerobic thresholds (VATs) and substrate oxidation pattern during submaximal continuous exercise (SCE). Methods: Fifteen sporadically active subjects underwent maximal progressive testing before and after six HIT treadmill running sessions to determine peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak velocity (Vpeak), and VATs followed by SCE to determine lipid (LIPox) and carbohydrate (CHOox) oxidation rates. The HIT sessions consisted of eight sets of 60s at 100%Vpeak, interspersed with 75s of passive recovery between sets and a 48h interval between sessions. Results: Our results showed increases in VAT intensities of 4.4% for VAT1 and 8.8% for VAT2, a decrease of 12.8% in CHOox and an increase of 23.7% for LIPox; accordingly, the relative energy derived from LIPox was 20.3% higher after the training period. Vpeak was ~15 km/h, producing intensities corresponding to ~84%VO2peak and ~91%FCpeak over the training period. Conclusion: The proposed protocol produced adaptations and intensities which are similar to those described in the literature, but unlike others, it can be applied in sporadically active individuals. Level of Evidence II; Comparative prospective study.

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