Tridimensional Rotational Angiography (3D-RA) as a Diagnostic Tool for Patients with Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis Background: Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is the major vascular complication associated to adverse events in patients with kidney grafts, whose incidence ranges from 1% to 23%. Angiography is the gold-standard for diagnosis, enabling immediate treatment; however, due to the variable anatomy and location of anastomosis, additional projections are often required, leading to greater exposure to contrast medium and radiation. Tridimensional rotational angiography (3D-RA) appears as a tool for diagnosis and treatment of TRAS. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the accuracy of measurements obtained by 3D-RA in comparison to conventional angiography. Methods: From April, 2010 to January, 2011, 41 3D-RAs were performed in patients with clinical suspicion of TRAS. Images were analyzed by independent observers; conventional angiography measurements were obtained online and 3D-RA measurements were obtained offline with the Philips Allure 3D-RA software. Results: Thirty-five 3D-RAs (84%) were considered adequate for angiographic measurements, and 20% provided additional and relevant information for the therapeutic strategy. There was no statistically significant difference between measurements obtained from the reference diameter and minimal luminal diameter of the artery using 3D-RA and conventional angiography. In addition, there was a strong correlation between them. Conclusions: 3D-RA comes up as a useful tool for TRAS

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RESUMOPaciente do sexo masculino, com 47 anos de idade, com diagnóstico de doença renal crônica estágio 5 por doença renal policística e em terapia dialítica por cinco anos foi submetido a transplante renal. No pós-operatório, o paciente apresentou disfunção do enxerto e hipertensão não-controlada, havendo necessidade de reintrodução da diálise. Ultrassom Doppler da artéria de rim transplantado foi sugestiva de estenose, e angiotomografia computadorizada confirmou o achado. No 49 o dia de pós-operatório, foi realizada angiografia rotacional tridimensional da artéria do enxerto renal e visualizou-se imagem de dissecção causando estenose grave. Foi realizada angioplastia com implante de stent com sucesso e o paciente não mais necessita de diálise e mantém boa evolução do quadro nos últimos seis meses. Estenose de artéria renal é complicação comum, secundária, na maioria das vezes, a placa aterosclerótica. Rastreamento com ultrassom Doppler e confirmação diagnóstica com angiografia são as estratégias recomendadas, visando à intervenção. Dissecção é uma possível causa de estenose de artéria de rim transplantado. DESCRITORES:Transplante de rim. Dissecção. Obstrução da artéria renal. Angioplastia. Stents. ABSTRACT Dissection Causing Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis: Diagnosis by 3D Rotational AngiographyA 47-year-old man diagnosed with stage 5 chronic kidney disease due to polycystic kidneys and on dialysis for five years was submitted to kidney transplantation. During the post-operative period the patient presented with graft dysfunction and uncontrolled hypertension, requiring reintroduction of dialysis. Doppler ultrasound suggested stenosis of the transplant renal artery, which was confirmed by CT angiography. On the 49 th day after surgery, 3D rotational angiography of the renal graft artery was performed, showing dissection causing severe stenosis. Angioplasty and stent implantation were successfully performed and the patient no longer requires dialysis and has evolved well in the past six months. Transplant renal artery stenosis is a common complication, and is secondary to atherosclerotic plaque in most of the cases. Screening with Doppler ultrasound and diagnostic confirmation by angiography are the recommended strategies for intervention. Dissection is a possible cause of transplant renal artery stenosis. KEY-WORDS:Kidney transplantation. Dissection. Renal artery obstruction. Angioplasty. Stents. E stenose de artéria de rim transplantado é uma complicação frequente e importante, cuja incidência varia entre 1% e 23%. 1,2 Pode causar disfunção do enxerto e/ou hipertensão não controlada e colocar o paciente em risco de retornar ao tratamento com diálise.A doença aterosclerótica é a causa mais comum de estenose, mas dissecção, espontânea ou secundária a manipulação, é também descrita como um mecanismo fisiopatológico de comprometimento da luz em vasos nativos, inclusive de artérias renais.Ultrassom Doppler é o método de escolha para triagem de estenose de artéria de rim transplantado, enquanto o diagnóstico defin...

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