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Activated charcoal is a product based on bio-based materials and residues with specific porosity to act as a filtering compound, both to remove color and impurities of liquids. They are produced from physical and/or chemical process, after carbonization, through the activation of molecules. The present paper aims to identify the current perspectives and characteristics of activated charcoals and, sequentially, compare the potential of bamboo and açaí plants to treat contaminants in water. Thus, different positive characteristics were identified for both bio-based resources. Bamboo and açaí can be economically and technically viable materials to be converted into activated charcoal as a way to mitigate the environmental impacts on the water.