Abstract:Situated at the foot of the Pichincha volcano, the city of Quito is frequently subjected to hydroclimatic hazards. In 1995 an 11Ð2 km 2 watershed, located in the vicinity of the city, was equipped with eight rain gauges and two flow gauges to better understand the local rainfall/runoff transformation processes. Rainfall simulation experiments were carried out on more than 40 one-square-metre plots to measure infiltration point-processes. The high density of measurement devices allowed us to identify the origin and nature of the various contributions to runoff for the different physiographic units of the watershed: urban area from an altitude of 2800 to 3200 m; farmland, pasture and forested land, and finally páramo above 3900 m. Runoff occurs mainly in the lower part of the basin and is caused by urbanization; however, the natural soils of this area can also produce Hortonian runoff, which is predominant in a few events. This contribution can be studied through rainfall simulation experiments. In the upper natural zone, the younger and more permeable soils generate less runoff on the slopes. However, almost permanently saturated contributing areas, which are located in the bottom of the quebradas, may generate flood events, the size of which depends on the extent of the area concerned. Variations in the runoff coefficients are related first to the baseflow and second to the amount of rainfall in the previous 24 h. This analysis, which underlines the complexity of a small, peri-urban, volcanic catchment, is a necessary preliminary to runoff modelling in an area where very few experiments have been carried out on small catchments.
Water offer management in Amazon region is linked to multiple uses and environmental factors. It is therefore necessary to identify the most vulnerable areas and where water body monitoring is required. This is essential to ensure water quality and quantity over the medium and long term. The results of the study showed that preventive water management is needed for water in the state of Pará. The water resources of the macro hydrographic regions of Tocantins-Araguaia and the Atlantic-Northeast Coast are already under high pressure and very vulnerable. In the Tapajos Region progressive interventions are being developed with necessary water control actions.
A água subterrânea extraída de aquíferos cristalinos é a principal fonte de água em diversas partes do mundo, particularmente em regiões em desenvolvimento, como África subsaariana, Brasil e Índia. Décadas de pesquisas permitiram constatar uma forte complexidade do regime de fluxo nestes aquíferos, notadamente heterogêneos e anisotrópicos. Tradicionalmente, no Brasil, é assumido que a água se encontra armazenada em descontinuidades geológicas verticalizadas, associadas a zonas pretéritas de falhamentos. Tendo em vista o elevado potencial dos testes de bombeamento para diagnosticar o regime de fluxo, o presente trabalho consistiu na análise derivativa de testes de bombeamento de três poços situados no munícipio de Jundiaí/SP, com vistas ao aprimoramento da compreensão dos modelos conceituais de fluxo em aquíferos fissurais. Tentativas de ajustes com soluções para fraturas verticais e horizontais simples não produziram resultados satisfatórios. Embora nenhuma solução testada tenha se ajustado perfeitamente às curvas de rebaixamento obtidos nos testes de bombeamento, verificou-se que os melhores ajustes foram obtidos com o emprego da solução para aquíferos fraturados com dupla porosidade, compatível com o contexto geológico da área estudada. Novos estudos, similares ao descrito neste trabalho, devem ser conduzidos para o aprimoramento do entendimento das condicionantes de fluxo neste tipo de aquífero.Palavras-chave: Aquíferos fissurais; Embasamento cristalino; Testes de bombeamento; Análise derivativa; Modelos hidrogeológicos conceituais. ABSTRACT DERIVATIVE ANALYSIS OF PUMPING TESTS CARRIED OUT IN FRACTURED AQUIFERS IN THE JUNDIAÍ MUNICIPALITY -STATE OF SÃOPAULO, BRAZIL. Groundwater extracted from crystalline aquifers is the main water supply in many parts of the world, particularly in developing regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa, Brazil and India. Decades of research have revealed the strong complexity of the flow regime in these aquifers, which are notably heterogeneous and anisotropic. It has been long assumed in Brazil that water is stored in vertical geological discontinuities associated with ancient fault zones. Given the high potential of pumping tests to identify flow regimes, this paper presents a derivative analysis of pumping tests performed in three wells located in the Jundiaí municipality -State of São Paulo, Brazil, aiming to improve the understanding of conceptual flow modeling of fractured aquifers. Adjustment attempts applying solutions for simple vertical and horizontal fractures did not produce satisfactory results. Although no tested solution produced perfect adjustments to the drawdown curves obtained in the pumping tests, the best adjustments were observed when the solution for fractured aquifer with double porosity was applied, which is compatible with the geological context of study area. Further studies, similar to
Este estudo compara os dados pluviométricos das estações chuvosas do período de 2008 a 2017 do município de Governador Valadares-MG com a ocorrência do fenômeno ENOS. Para isso, foram realizadas uma pesquisa exploratória e uma revisão conceitual sobre a temática, com o uso de dados pluviométricos obtidos na Estação Meteorológica do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (Inmet), localizada no Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais-Campus Governador Valadares. Esses dados foram comparados com a Normal Pluviométrica, o que permitiu identificar os anos em que ocorreram volumes de chuvas acima e abaixo da média histórica esperada. Posteriormente, foram relacionados aos fenômenos El Niño e La Niña, tendo como parâmetros os dados da região do Niño 3.4. O fenômeno El Niño apresenta maior relação com os anos em que as chuvas ocorreram abaixo da média esperada para a região de estudo. Observou-se, contudo, a necessidade de estudos mais aprofundados, a fim de comparar os dados com outros fenômenos atmosféricos. Por fim, destaca-se que não somente os fatores naturais exercem influência sobre o clima, mas também os fatores antrópicos, que interferem muito no clima local, sendo também necessários mais estudos sobre a sua atuação.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.