O comportamento de forrageamento em insetos sociais é uma atividade complexa que envolve um sistema auto-organizável e pode ser estudado em nível de indivíduo e de colônia. Na sociedade de formigas nem todos os indivíduos participam da coleta de alimento. As operárias que executam essa tarefa, frequentemente, são as mais velhas e de maior tamanho. Nas formigas da tribo Attini o forrageamento é um processo complexo que consiste na exploração do recurso alimentar envolvendo seleção, corte e transporte para o ninho. Essas formigas utilizam substratos variados para o desenvolvimento do fungo simbionte o qual fornece alimento à colônia. Os gêneros Atta e Acromyrmex, conhecidas como cortadeiras, possuem um padrão de forrageamento bem definido por meio de trilhas físicas e químicas. Nos gêneros basais normalmente não ocorre corte de vegetação viva, as operárias forrageiam individualmente, não possuem rotas de forrageamento estabelecidas e não existe fidelidade ao tipo de recurso coletado. Além dessas diferenças entre grupos, o comportamento de forrageamento pode também variar dentro de uma mesma espécie em função de fatores ambientais e da capacidade de adaptação das operárias. Outros fenômenos que fazem das atines um modelo interessante para o estudo do comportamento de forrageamento são o polimorfismo e o polietismo. Alguns estudos realizados com espécies de Atta demonstraram a existência de uma flexibilidade comportamental durante o forrageamento. Dentro desse contexto, essa revisão pretende discutir a capacidade de adaptação que estes insetos possuem para resolver problemas fazendo ajustes de seu comportamento tanto individual como coletivo e assim, adotar a estratégia mais conveniente para a colônia permitindo explorar eficientemente variadas fontes de recursos. Palavras-chave: Attini; estratégias de forrageamento; flexibilidade comportamental. ABSTRACT-PLASTICITY OF FORAGING BEHAVIOR IN LEAF-CUTTING ANTS The foraging behavior in social insects is a complex activity that involves a self-organizing system and can be studied at the individual or at the colony level. In the ant society, not all individuals participate in the gathering of food. The workers who perform this task are often older and larger ants. In Attini ants, the foraging is a complex process that involves selection, cutting and transport of food resources to the nest. These ants use several sources of food to develop the symbiotic fungus, which provides food to the colony. The genera Atta and Acromyrmex, known as leaf-cutter ant, have a well-defined pattern of foraging determined by physical and chemical trails. In the basal genera the worker ants forage alone, hardly ever cut fresh vegetation, do not follow trails and there is no fidelity to the resource gathered. Besides the differences between groups, foraging behavior may be different in the same specie as consequence of environmental factors and the adaptability of workers. Other phenomena that make the Attines an interesting model to study foraging behavior are the polymorphism and polyethism. S...
The search for new management alternatives in pest control is a constant in agriculture. In the case of leaf-cutting ants, the most widespread control is that which makes use of granulated bait with synthetic chemical active ingredient, whose attractiveness comes from the citrus pulp that composes it. Using the same attraction, a capsule was created, inspired by seeds transported by forage workers. Bipartite gelatin capsules were adapted and filled with salt (NaCl), for a total of 20 capsules for each mini colony in three groups of five colonies that received each one capsules with one of three different masses (0.5g, 1g, or 2g). In addition to weight, were also compared citrus pulp and the pheromone from the venom gland extract (VGE) of forage workers were compared in the relation to transport rate too. After statistical analyses, concluded that the highest transport rate was for the capsules, which was empty (internal), only with the attractive citrus pulp on the external surface (0.5g).
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