This Article presents a mathematical programming model for the mass integration of eco-industrial parks. The model considers the reuse of wastewater among different industries and the constraints given by the process sinks and the environmental regulations for waste streams discharged to the environment. The model allows the optimal selection of treatment units to satisfy the process and environmental regulations. The objective function consists of the minimization of the total annual cost, including the treatment unit costs, the piping costs, and the cost of fresh water. A new discretization approach is proposed for the model reformulation to handle the bilinear terms of the model as part of a global optimization strategy. Results show that significant savings can be achieved for the design of an integrated eco-industrial park with respect to the integration of each individual industry.
This paper presents an optimization approach to the incorporation of electrocoagulation in the design of integrated water networks for oil refineries. A disjunctive programming formulation is developed to minimize the cost of the water-management system while including the characteristics of process water streams, recycle, reuse, and treatment of wastewater streams, performance of candidate technologies, and composition and property constraints for the process units and the environmental discharges. The performance of electrocoagulation was related to temperature pH and the concentration of phenols and sodium chloride. Ancillary units including pH adjustment, reverse osmosis, and heat exchangers were used to support the electrocoagulation unit. Two case studies are presented to show the applicability of the proposed model and the feasibility of using electrocoagulation as part of an integrated water management scheme for oil refineries.
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