This study aimed to compare the effect of conventional irrigation (CI) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) with 17% EDTA and QMiX on the maximum depth and percentage of sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and to describe the cleaning of root canal walls by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Eighty single-rooted human mandibular premolars were instrumented and randomly assigned to four groups (n = 20): EDTA + CI, QMiX + CI, EDTA + PUI, and QMiX + PUI. Ten samples from each group were examined by SEM (2,000×) and the remaining 40 roots were filled with a single gutta-percha cone and AH Plus sealer mixed with 0.1% rhodamine B for analysis by CLSM (10×). Images were assessed at distances of 2 mm (apical), 5 mm (middle), and 8 mm (coronal) from the apex with the Leica Application Suite V4.10 software. The EDTA + PUI and QMiX + PUI protocols presented higher rates of debris/smear layer removal in the apical and middle thirds. The PUI was superior to CI in the maximum depth of sealer penetration at the middle third. The QMiX + PUI group had a higher percentage of sealer penetration at the apical third. The PUI and QMiX protocol improved debris/smear layer removal and tubular dentin sealer penetration.
RESUMOEste trabalho realiza uma revisão na literatura com o objetivo de apresentar e discutir as principais técnicas que podem ser utilizadas para isolamento absoluto em caso de dentes com estrutura remanescente mínima. Assim, foram descritas várias técnicas de isolamento absoluto, observando-se que as mais citadas na literatura são as cirurgias periodontais. Entretanto, nos casos em que não é possível a realização de procedimentos cirúrgicos, existe uma grande possibilidade de métodos que vão desde o uso de matrizes e bandas ortodônticas, passando pela reconstrução prévia do dente a ser isolado e uso dos mais variados cimentos e resinas. A literatura analisada confi rmou que o isolamento absoluto do campo operatório é de fundamental importância na execução de um tratamento endodôntico de qualidade, sendo que existem vários fatores limitantes para o seu uso. Para contornar esses fatores várias técnicas podem ser utilizadas, observando-se cada caso individualmente e aplicando a opção que melhor se encaixa em cada situação, uma vez que não há vantagem de uma técnica sobre outra. Palavras chave: Coroa dental. Periodonto. Dique de borracha. Gengivectomia. Extrusão ortodôntica.
ABSTRACTObjective: To present and discuss various techniques used for absolute isolation in teeth with minimal remaining structure. Material and Methods: The literature review showed the main techniques that can be used in case of teeth with minimal remaining structure. Results: Several techniques are described and the most frequent techniques reported in the literature for absolute isolation are periodontal surgeries. However, in
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