BackgroundNeonatal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from positive mothers to their babies has been a real concern, opening the arena of research in this area.ObjectiveTo detect the possibility of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from COVID-19-positive mothers to their neonates and the clinicopathological outcome in them.DesignA single-centre, prospective, observational study involving 47 COVID-19-positive mothers and their neonates.SettingA tertiary care hospital in Eastern India.ParticipantsNeonates born to SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers.Main outcome measuresWe investigated the SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate by real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) done twice (on admission and after 24 hours of admission) in neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers, who tested RT-PCR positive for this virus in their nasopharyngeal swab. Clinical outcome was also assessed in these neonates during their hospital stay.ResultsOut of 47 neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers, four were SARS-CoV-2 positive by RT-PCR. All the neonates in our study were discharged home in stable condition after management of acute complications. None of them required readmission.ConclusionVertical transmission occurs in neonates born to COVID-19-positive mothers; however, the risk is small. Majority of the neonates remain asymptomatic with good clinical outcome.

Autism spectrum disorder is an emerging public health issue. The core features of autism spectrum disorder are persistent impairment in reciprocal social communication and interaction and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior or interests. We now know that it encompasses disorders previously referred to as early infantile autism, childhood autism, Kanner autism, high-functioning autism, atypical autism, Asperger disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. While it is agreed that the etiology of autism spectrum disorder is largely unknown, certain environmental and genetic factors may be responsible for the disease. In particular, emerging evidence has suggested the role of C677T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene as a possible risk factor. We present the case of a two-year-old boy with high risk for autism who was found on advanced investigation to have heterozygous polymorphism for MTHFR. This prompted us to add folic acid to his therapeutic regime. He was treated with high-dose folic acid along with conventional intervention, and went on to make excellent recovery. We conclude that pharmacological intervention has the potential to improve outcome in a subgroup of autistic children.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem disorder that can affect any organ system. It can have varied presentations, and often early disease is challenging to pick up due to the absence of classical features. Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus is rare before five years of age. We report a seventeen-month-old female child who came to us with a long-standing non-specific febrile illness. She was eventually diagnosed with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus and treated with prednisolone and hydroxychloroquine with vitamin D and calcium supplements.

Adolescents are one of the nutritionally vulnerable groups. At this time, adolescents enter the second phase of rapid growth and then physical growth declines as young adults enter. Problems that arise in adolescents are undernutrition and overnutrition. One that is related to nutritional status is nutrient intake which is very influential on a person's nutritional status. Nutrient intake is influenced by eating habits and eating patterns of adolescents themselves. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of macronutrient intake and nutritional status at the Putri Hidayatullah Islamic Boarding School, Ternate City. The type of research used is descriptive research. The sampling technique used total sampling with a total sample of 29 people. The tools used were Microtoise, Bathroom Scale and form food recall 24. The results showed that the intake of macronutrients, as many as 28 people (96.6%) with less energy intake, 29 people (100.0%) with less protein intake, 16 people (55.2%) with more fat intake and 26 people (89.7%) with less carbohydrate intake. There were 25 people (86.2%) with normal nutritional status. It was concluded that from the results of the respondents had less protein intake and most had less energy and carbohydrate intake. On the other hand, most of these teenagers have good fat intake with normal nutritional status.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated disease of the peripheral nervous system that is triggered by both infectious processes and post-immunization conditions. It is, therefore, more prevalent during infectious outbreaks. While the classical clinical presentation of ascending paralysis is easy to recognize, GBS is a heterogeneous entity comprising several variants, atypical presentations, and incomplete forms that may make the diagnosis challenging. Early recognition is key because the disease could be rapidly fatal. Monitoring for progression of illness, fluctuations in vital signs, and prompt initiation of intravenous immunoglobulin are the mainstays of treatment.