In this study, a new current-mode fractional-order universal filter is presented by using multi mode second generation current controlled current conveyors (MO-CCCII). The circuit consists of two resistors and grounded capacitors with only three MO-CCCII. This is accomplished with a fractional-order capacitor, also known as a stationary phase element, to form a fractional-order filter. The value of this capacitor depends only on the fractional-order [Formula: see text]. The proposed filter is designed as fractional [Formula: see text], 1.8 and 1.9 order. The fractional-order capacitor is obtained using the Foster-I [Formula: see text] network circuit. The filter is simulated with BJT-based MO-CCCII using PSPICE simulation program for the filter to verify the theory and to show the performance of it. The fractional-order universal filter outputs are provided the desired stop band attenuation and more precise control of attenuation slope. Through the fractional-order parameter, it is revealed that the filter designer can fully meet the requirements of the filter. It also offers design flexibility since the frequencies of interest depend not only on circuit components but also on fractional-order parameters.
Different analogue filter circuits were designed containing a current-mode first-order and a minimum number of grounded passive elements. These circuits are designed to be used in the very low frequency (VLF − 3 kHz and 30 kHz) band, which is employed in remote sensing systems. They are designed with the help of an active element, called the modified current feedback operational amplifier (MCFOA). For this, first, currentmode first-order low-pass, high-pass and all-pass filter circuits are designed. Second, a current-mode first-order single input and three-output universal filters are designed to provide simultaneous low-pass, high-pass and all-pass filter outputs. These filter structures contained only four grounded passive components and one MCFOA. The cut-off frequencies of the filters are measured at 10 kHz. It has been observed that the filter structures can be used in the VLF band, as can be understood from the cut-off frequency. Furthermore, the frequency and gain of the filters can be adjusted electronically, by changing the values of the parameters in these filter circuits. The total harmonic distortion (THD; (%)) of these generated circuits is THD (%) ≤ 1. Moreover, the presented filter circuits provided wide dynamic range (DR > 60 dB). In addition, the total power loss of these filters is less than 1 mW for 2.5 V single-supply. Accuracies of these structures were verified using the PSpice program.
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