Food production is obligatory to ensure efficient plant yield and accomplishments in a fast-growing global population predicted to exceed 9 trillion people in the future. In this regard, advancement in harnessing plant core microbiome using various 'omics' will be fruitful towards sustainable goals. Metabolomics, as we know, is a robust method and is very useful for evaluating the property of plant species before their genomes are completely sequenced. Metabolomics and other technologies facilitate us to unravel main agricultural output challenges such as regulating the health of soil microbial communities. Plantmicrobe interactions are an integral aspect of this planet. This review will develop a complete and elaborated panoramic view for bare acquaintances of interaction between plants and microbes required for developing different approaches in metagenomics, meta-transcriptomics, and metabolomics to increase general cultivable performance. In addition, the study will focus on microbiome development in earlier plant production and establish informatics pipelines for core microbiome design to optimize plant and indigenous microorganism interactions. This study will also concentrate on inter / intra interactions, such as quorum sensing activity, signal molecules like phytohormones, bacteriocins, etc. The bio-informatics genome mining for biosynthesis gene clusters leading to the identification of novel bioactive compounds and new metabolomics advances will also be established. A comprehensive model will be framed to assess the advancements in exploiting the microbiome and metabolome analysis to secure food production for a sustainable future.

The present study investigated biochemical effects of Atrazine (0, 200μM , 500 μM and 1000 μM) and Metolachlor (0, 100μM , 500 μM and 1000 μM) concentrations applied to 15-day-old seedlings of three maize varieties (Zea mays L., cv. Saccharata, cv. Danona, and cv. Advanta 2898) for 48 hr. Hydroponic environment was preferred for all treatments for the seedlings. Compared to their controls, GSH/GSSG ratio was decreased, SOD activity was increased, and CAT activity was also decreased/decreased in root/leaf of Atrazine treated maize seedlings. While % ratios of fatty acids in leaf was increased for palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid in cv. Saccharata and advanta 2898, but was decreased in cv. Danona. While the rate of linoleic acid was increased in leaves in other two ratios but decreased only in cv. Saccharata; linoleic acid was increased only in cv. Saccharata and decreased in others. Compared to their controls, in root/leaf of maize seedlings treated with Metolachlor; GSH/GSSG ratio decreased/increased, SOD activity decreased/increased, and CAT activity decreased/decreased. While % ratios of fatty acids in leaf showed an exceptional increase and increase for linolenic acid, palmitic acid, and linoleic acid; palmitoleic acid and stearic acid decreased and palmitic acid decreased only in cv. Advanta 2898. Generally, the inhibitive effect of the herbicides Atrazine and Metolachlor elevated in parallel to increased dose (1000 μM).However, Atrazine displayed a more oxidative damagesthan Metolachlor on three maize varieties.

In the current scenario, the rising concentration of heavy metals (HMs) due to anthropogenic activities is a severe problem. Plants are very much affected by HM pollution as well as other abiotic stress such as salinity and drought. It is very important to fulfil the nutritional demands of an ever-growing population in these adverse environmental conditions and/or stresses. Remediation of HM in contaminated soil is executed through physical and chemical processes which are costly, time-consuming, and non-sustainable. The application of nanobionics in crop resilience with enhanced stress tolerance may be the safe and sustainable strategy to increase crop yield. Thus, this review emphasizes the impact of nanobionics on the physiological traits and growth indices of plants. Major concerns and stress tolerance associated with the use of nanobionics are also deliberated concisely. The nanobionic approach to plant physiological traits and stress tolerance would lead to an epoch of plant research at the frontier of nanotechnology and plant biology.

ARTICLE INFOIn this study, it was determined that phytotoxic levels of glyphosate herbicide that will be banned in Europe may be at on wheat and corn plants. Biochemical responses due to the toxic effect of glyphosate at different concentrations were determined in corn (Zea mays L. cv. Ada 523) and wheat (Tritucum aestivum L. cv. Halis) varieties. For wheat and corn varieties, 4 different doses (0, 100, 500 and 1000 μM) of the herbicide were applied to 1-week-old and 15-day-old plants. Hydroponic medium was used for all applications on plants. According to the results obtained; the toxic effect created by glyphosate increased the destruction of pigment in the leaves and significant decreases were detected. While GST, SOD and CAT activities increased in all concentrations of 1-week-old plants treated with glyphosate, only GST activity decreased at 100 μM concentration of wheat leaf and corn root. SOD and CAT activities were increased in 15-day-old wheat and corn plants treated with glyphosate. Only SOD activity decreased in the root part of the maize plant. GST activity was increased in the roots and leaves of the maize plant, while it decreased in wheat leaves and roots at a concentration of 100 μM. As a result, glyphosate was found to be effective at very low concentrations in wheat and corn regardless of age. It was also revealed that 1-week-old corn and wheat crops inhibit more phytotoxic effects than these 15-day-old plants. In other words, young plants were found to be more resistant.

In the developing world and increasing human population, great importance is given to food security and crop cultivation in climate change. Therefore, different strategies are needed to maintain and revive the crop resources required for agriculture. Pesticides in soil solution can either be adsorbed by soil colloids or degraded by microorganisms. The use of pesticides against diseases and pests that reduce the yield of plants continues to increase day by day. However, it also threatens the life of living things. Over time, many insects and weeds resistant to pesticides have emerged, and it has been seen that the dose of pesticides should be increased. This situation harms both the environment and the economy. Pesticides stay in the soil for many years, preventing microorganism activities and causing oxidative stress induction. Besides, it is known that pesticides inhibit enzyme activities by participating in some enzymatic events. In this review, we discussed the antioxidant defense mechanisms that develop in microorganisms due to the effect of pesticides on microorganisms and provide biodegradation. When exposed to pesticide toxicity in microorganisms that provide biodegradation, specific biological systems characterized by enzymatic reactions become active. In cases where the enzyme defense of microorganisms is insufficient, biotransformation is carried out by artificially supplementing the environment with enzymes; It contains a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, and in this way, the negative factors that the plant is exposed to can be eliminated or mitigated. Microbial enzymes provide biodegradation. In addition, to prevent the biodegradation effect; It is essential to examine this subject to improve the understanding and practical use of enzyme use, enzyme extraction methods and future enzyme-assisted bioremediation processes for their development and evaluation.