In this study, the attenuation of coda waves Q c (f) has been estimated for different lapse times and frequencies in the East Anatolia Fault Zone (EAFZ) in Turkey using a single back-scattering model of S-coda envelopes. The data include 255 earthquakes recorded by ten stations. The frequency-dependent Q c values are estimated at central frequencies of 1.5, 3, 6, 8, 12, and 18 Hz using 20-30-40 s lapse time windows. Along this fault zone, the frequency-dependent Q c obtained for all data and lapse time is Q c = 57.5f 0.82 . The entire study area is divided into six subregions according to the magnitude of the earthquakes and the location of the fault segments. The estimated average frequency-dependent relation for all lapse times are; Q c I ð Þ ¼ 34:3f 0:93 for Bingöl-KarliovaErzincan triple junction; Q c II ð Þ ¼ 56:3f 0:71 for Bingol-Lake Hazar segment; Q c III ð Þ ¼ 68:5f 0:75 for Lake Hazar-Sincik segment; Q c IV ð Þ ¼ 72:5f 0:78 Hazar-Sincik and Ç elikhan-Gölbaşı faults; Q c V ð Þ ¼ 59:7f 0:87 for Kahramanmaras triple junction and Q c VI ð Þ ¼ 67:4f 0:94 for Amanos Range and Karasu Basin. The lowest Q c is determined between Bingol and Malatya. The highest Q c value is along Amanos Range. In addition, Q c values are calculated for each regions at different lapse times. The average Q c value of the study region varies from 53 ± 11 at 1.5 Hz to 498 ± 41 at 18 Hz for 20 s lapse time window, as its variation is from 116 ± 11 at 1.5 Hz to 749 ± 75 at 18 Hz of central frequency for 40 s lapse time window. The increase of Q c with lapse times changes from one subregion to another along the fault zone. The rate of increment is significantly higher in Bingöl-Karliova-Erzincan triple junction than in the other subregions. This rapid increase of low Q c values in the junction reaches the general attenuation characteristics of the fault at 40 s lapse time. Finally, the low Q 0 and high n values can be attributed to the energy loss as a result of the heterogeneity and activity along the fault zone. The increase of Q c with frequency, lapse time may be related to heterogeneity decreases with depth. The rapid increase of Q c with depth in Bingöl-Karliova-Erzincan triple junction may be interpreted that the effect of the Northern Anatolian Fault Zone is effective in the upper crust is not so deep compared to EAFZ.

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The physico-mechanical properties of five different intact rock types including sandstone, arkoses and limestone were determined through standardized laboratory tests. Ninety six specimens were tested to obtain the relationships between P-wave velocity (V p ), dry unit weight (DUW), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), point load index Is(50), Brazilian tensile strength (TS), porosity (U), and Schmidt hardness (RN). This study also reviews some recent correlations between P-wave velocity and physico-mechanical properties as well as investigates the reliability of these correlations. Findings show the results of the experimental tests are in good agreement with previous studies. Statistical equations have been determined for estimating the physico-mechanical properties of rocks using nondestructive and indirect test methods. Results of regression analysis showed satisfactory correlations. Based on the results, new strong correlation with correlation coeffecients above (R 2 [ 0.80) are introduced for predicting the UCS, Is(50), U and RN and reasonable good correlations (R 2 C 0.78) are introduced to predict TS and DUW from P-wave velocity of different intact rock core samples. There is a discrepancy between P-wave velocity (V p ) in situ values with laboratory results. The large reductions in V p in situ values are clearly the functions of fractures and natural joints.

Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of the rocks plays a significant role in geotechnical and rock engineering projects. Due to difficulties UCS estimation is done using indirect methods such as Schmidt Rebound Hammer (RN) and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) tests that are quick and inexpensive tests. This study was performed to provide data consisting of correlations between RN versus UPV and UCS for rock materials. RN and UCS and UPV tests were carried out on 66 rock specimens from 6 different rock samples in the laboratory. Linear models were used for the relations between RN and UCS and UPV because R 2 values of linear model is more suitable than non-linear models. The equations proposed in this study can be used easily for the areas formed of sandstone, limestone, arkoses, and granite to pre-estimate the UCS values of the rocks.