Ongoing acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) observation in the eastern equatorial IndianOcean and a recent International Nusantara Stratification and Transport (INSTANT) experiment in the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) straits have shown coherent intraseasonal oceanic variations in this region. The intraseasonal variations are dominated by 30-70 day variations, with a tendency for the observed currents in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean to lead those at the Lombok and Ombai Straits. Phase speed of these eastward propagating signals estimated using lag correlation analysis does not correspond to one particular baroclinic mode, though it is in the range expected for the first two baroclinic modes. In this study, the dynamics underlying this intraseasonal coherency is evaluated using output from a high-resolution ocean general circulation model developed for the Earth Simulator (OFES). The results from model simulation of January 2001 through December 2007 show that the first two baroclinic modes dominate the intraseasonal variations in this region. While the first and second baroclinic modes have comparable contribution to the intraseasonal oceanic variations in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean and in the Ombai Strait, the intraseasonal oceanic variations in the Lombok Strait are dominated by the first baroclinic mode. Moreover, the analysis reveals that the intraseasonal variability at all mooring sites is mostly confined in the upper layer above 100 m depth. Both equatorial wind from the Indian Ocean and alongshore winds off Sumatra and Java play important roles in generating intraseasonal variations in the Lombok and Ombai Straits.

Abstract.A long-term climate variations in the western Indonesian region (e.g. Sumatera) were evaluated using precipitation data as a proxy. The result showed that there was a long-term climate variation over Sumatera region indicated by a decreasing trend in precipitation (drying trend). Moreover, the long-term precipitation trend has a strong seasonality. Remarkable decreasing trend at a rate of 3.9 cm/year (the largest trend) was observed during the northwest monsoon (DJF) season, while the smallest decreasing trend of 1.5 cm/year occurred during the southeast monsoon (JJA) season. This result suggested that the Sumatera Island experienced a drying trend during the northwest monsoon season, and a dryer condition will be more frequently observed during the southeast monsoon season. The long-term precipitation over the Sumatera Island was linked to coupled air-sea interactions in the Indian and Pacific oceans. The connection between the seasonal climate trends and sea surface temperature (SST) in the Indian and Pacific oceans was demonstrated by the simultaneous correlations between the climate indices (e.g. Dipole Mode Index (DMI) and the Niño3.4 index) and the precipitation over the Sumatera Island. The results suggested that both the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation Index (ENSO) have significant correlation with precipitation. However, remarkable correlations were observed during the fall transition of the IOD event.

Abstract. 8-year and 4-year long velocity time series records from the equatorial Indian Ocean successfully captured, for the first time, complete evolution of subsurface currents associated with three consecutive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events in 2006 -2008. It is found that strong eastward subsurface zonal currents in the layer between about 90 m and 150 m were observed, which were opposite to the normal conditions. Vertical structure of the zonal currents resembles that of the typical zonal currents in the equatorial Pacific with an eastward subsurface current lies beneath the surface westward currents. This vertical structure of the zonal currents was associated with anomalous easterly winds along the equatorial Indian Ocean during the maturing phase of the IOD events. In addition, subsurface temperature structures obtained from RAMA buoy network show negative temperature anomalies preceded the surface temperature evolution associated with the IOD events. The negative subsurface temperature anomaly lasted for several months before it changes into positive anomaly as the IOD terminated. The surface temperature structure indicated by the Dipole Mode Index (DMI) revealed that the 2006 IOD was a strong event, while the 2007 and 2008 events were weaker and short-lived events. The evolution of the IOD events were linked to the dynamics of oceanic equatorial wave. It is found that upwelling equatorial Kelvin waves forced by anomalous easterly wind stress play an important role in generating cooling tendency during the development and maturing phase of the IOD events. The demise of the IOD events, on the other hand, was linked to eastern-boundary-reflected Rossby waves that terminated the cooling tendency in the eastern Indian Ocean induced by the wind-forced Kelvin waves. Weakening of the zonal heat advection, then, provided a favor condition for the surface heat flux to warm the sea surface temperature in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which blood glucose (simple sugar) levels are high because the body cannot release or use insulin adequately. The objective of research was to determine the relationship of patient’s knowledge level about diabetes mellitus with the action to maintain blood glucose stability at Dungaliyo health center work area. The design used correlation descriptive with cross sectional method and the samples are 39 respondents which determinate with total sampling. The result analysis used chi-square statistical test with P value 0,001. Obtained there is significance relationship about patient’s knowledge level about diabetes mellitus with the action to maintain blood glucose stability. Expected to health officer at Dungaliyo health center will provide health education to increase patient’s knowledge level about diabetes mellitus.

Kompres hangat dapat dilakukan di daerah dinding perut, vena-vena besar (axilla) dan daerah temporal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektifitas pemberian kompres hangat pada daerah dinding perut, vena-vena besar (axila) dan daerah temporal terhadap penurunan suhu tubuh klien febris.  Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan rancangan There Group Pretest Posttest. Penelitian ini dilakukan di ruangan irina F dan irina H, di RSUD dr. M.M. Dunda Limboto. Tehnik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian yaitu penggunakan paired sample t test pada masing-masing kelompok intervensi yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis one way anova.Kesimpulan penelitian adalah terdapat perbedaan penurunan suhu tubuh antara kompres hangat pada daerah vena-vena besar (axila) dengan kompres pada daerah perut dan daerah temporal (ρvalue 0,000) dan tidak terdapat perbedaan kompres daerah perut dengan daerah temporal ditunjukkan (ρvalue 0,539).