Aims:To investigate the antioxidant effects of vitamin D3 on oral health and to evaluate its effect on total salivary proteins in saliva. Materials and Methods: Forty patients were classified into two groups: Group 1: (20) chronic gingivitis patients, did not receive vitamin D3 (control group), Group 2: (20) chronic gingivitis patients (treatment group), received Vitamin D3 1000IU capsule. Scaling and polishing have been carried out for each volunteer to reach the base line for plaque index, gingival index, oral hygiene index and calculus index. In the next day, these indices were measured for all participants, then measured after 3 weeks then after 6 weeks from treatment. At the same visits, five milliliters of unstimulated saliva were collected for measurement of total salivary proteins and total antioxidant capacity. Results: there were significant reduction in oral health indices in 21st and 42nd days of the study which mean good response to treatment and improvement in gingival health. Conclusion: Vitamin D3 can be a good adjuvant in periodontal therapy

Aim Vitamin D3 plays an important role in affecting the overall remineralization process of the dentition. The use of supplements help to keep the levels at optimum and thus reduce the chances of treating very early lesion of caries. Hence the aim was to investigate the indirect effects of oral vitamin D3 on microhardness and elemental weight percentage of Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorous (P) in enamel surface with an artificially initiated carious lesion. Methods The 120 extracted premolars were randomly divided into five groups according to salivary immersion. Each group had a total of twenty-four participants, with the following characteristics: control +ve: sound enamel; control -ve: only subjected to pH cycle; A: pH cycle and immersion in control saliva; B: pH cycle and saliva collected after three weeks; and C: pH cycle and saliva collected after six weeks. The unstimulated saliva was collected from (40) adult volunteers receiving vitamin D3 1000IU gel capsules daily for six weeks. Before each vitamin D3 intake, 10 mL of unstimulated control saliva was collected from each participant. Then other 10 ml. were collected after three and six weeks of vitamin D receiving periods. Saliva immersion time (12 hours). Enamel surface was assessed by Vicker’s Microhardness machine and (X-ray fluorescence - XRF) spectrometer. Results For all specimens, there was a significant decrease in both (Ca and P weight %) after demineralization and then they significantly increased after receiving vitamin D3. The microhardness and elemental analysis provide confirmed results that were represented as a statistically significant difference at (P≤ 0.05) between groups that received vitamin D3 and those without vitamin D3 dosage. Conclusions Oral vitamin D3 has a significant potential in motivating remineralization of early lesions on the enamel surfaces representing improved surface microhardness and minerals content (Ca and P weight %) of demineralized tooth surfaces.

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Aims:To investigate the effects of vitamin D3 on chronic gingivitis and to evaluate its effect on Tumor necrosis factor-α and Interleukin-6 in their saliva. Material and Method: Forty patients were classified into two groups: -group 1: (20) chronic gingivitis patients, did not receive any medication (control group), group 2: (20) chronic gingivitis patients (treatment group), received Vitamin D3 1000IU capsule/ day. Scaling and polishing have been carried out for each volunteer to reach the base line for gingival index, oral hygiene index and calculus index. Then these indices were measured for all patients on the next day, after 3 weeks and after 6 weeks in both groups. Five milliliters of unstimulated saliva were collected for measurement of human salivary Tumor necrosis factor-α and Interleukin-6 by ELISA Kits. Results: significant differences were observed between treatment and control groups throughout study days with significant reduction in oral health indices in 21st and 42nd days of treatment group. Comparisons between the salivary parameters showed significant decreases in Tumor necrosis factor-α and Interleukin-6 levels throughout 1st, 21st and 42nd day in treatment group, while in control group no significant differences were observed for IL-6 but significant increase in levels of TNF α was detected. Conclusion: Vitamin D3 has beneficial effect during treatment of chronic gingivitis.

Adenosine is a nucleoside which occurs naturally in a diverse forms in all cells of the body and in most biological fluids. Under basal conditions, the extracellular adenosine concentration is maintained within certain limits. Dipyridamol inhibits adenosine reuptake by erythrocytes, endothelial cells and platelet increasing plasma levels of adenosine Aims: study the effects of adenosine and dipyridamole on serum levels of serum urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase(ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Aspartate Aminotransferase (GOT), and Alanine Aminotransferase (GPT). Material and methods: Thirty-five male rabbits were included in the study. The animals were divided into 3 groups: Group one(5 animals): injected intraperitoneal  (i.p) with 2 ml of distilled water/day (control group). Group two (15 animals): were treated by i.p  injection of adenosine, they were divided into 3 sub groups (5 animals) according to adenosine dose:1 mg/kg, 2mg/kg and 4 mg/kg.Group 3 (15 animals):  were treated by dipyridamole orally, they were divided into 3 sub-groups (5 animals) according to dipyridamole dose:4 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg and 12 mg/kg. Result: Significant differences among 3 groups were found in blood urea, LDH, GOT levels, and in GPT levels.  While statistical analysis of serum levels of S. creatinine and ALP showed no significant differences among 3 study groups. Conclusion: both adenosine, dipyridamole cause Significant differences among 3 groups were found in blood urea, LDH, GOT levels, and in GPT levels in rabbit