Brazil has two growing seasons for maize (Zea mays L.) production: summer and winter. The additional maize produced in the winter and the high-yielding opportunities in the summer season make it important to understand responses of maize hybrids to row spacing and plant population across the two annual Brazilian growing seasons. In the 2015 to 2016 summer season and the 2016 winter season, maize response to plant population, ranging from 60,000 to 90,000 plants ha -1 , was evaluated for three hybrids in 0.45-, 0.60-, 0.75-, and 0.90-m row spacing. Plant architecture traits, grain yield and yield components did not differ with row spacing, and their responses to plant population were not affected by hybrid type and/or row spacing. The DKB390PRO2 hybrid (single cross) demonstrated better grain yield performance in the summer, whereas the BG7049YH hybrid (three-way cross) had the highest yield in the winter. Plant and ear height increased linearly in response to plant population in the summer season, whereas other plant architecture traits, ear leaf chlorophyll concentration, and grain yield components decreased linearly with increasing plant populations in both seasons. There was a quadratic response in maize grain yield to plant population, and it was maximized with 78,688 plants ha -1 in the summer, and 71,206 plants ha -1 in the winter. Our results show preliminary evidence that regardless of row spacing, maize grain yield can be maximized with DKB390 hybrid (single cross) with 78,500 plants ha -1 in the summer, and BG7049YH hybrid (three-way) with 71,000 plants ha -1 in the winter season.

Produtividade de colmos em clones de cana-de-açúcar 1 O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade e as características de colmos de 25 clones de cana-de-açúcar, nos cultivos de cana-planta e cana-soca. O experimento foi realizado nos anos agrícolas de 2009-2010 (cana-planta) e 2010-2011 (cana-soca), em Jaguari, RS. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial (clones e cultivos de cana-planta e cana-soca), com três repetições. Ao final de cada cultivo, foram realizadas avaliações de comprimento, diâmetro, número e produtividade de colmos. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise da variância e, as médias, comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade A produtividade média de colmos dos clones mais produtivos de ciclo precoce, nos cultivos de cana-planta e cana-soca (96,6 e 123,4 t ha -1 , respectivamente) foi semelhante à obtida com os clones mais produtivos de ciclo médio-tardio (101,5 e 128,0 t ha -1 , respectivamente). No cultivo de cana-soca, a produtividade média de colmos superou a obtida no cultivo de cana-planta, com 13 dos 25 clones avaliados. Em geral, os clones mais produtivos apresentam valores elevados de número e de comprimento de colmos, sendo observada baixa variação do diâmetro de colmos dos materiais testados. Os clones RB965911, RB925345, RB855156, RB987935, RB935744, RB867515, RB975019, RB925268, RB845210 e RB975329 são os mais adaptados às condições edafoclimáticas da região da Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul, apresentando maior produtividade de colmos, com valores acumulados, nos dois cultivos, superiores a 200 t ha Productivity and agronomic variables in sugarcane clonesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity and characteristic of stalks from 25 sugarcane clones in plant-cane and ratoon cultivations. The experiment was conducted in Jaguari, RS, Brazil, during the 2009/2010 (plant cane) and 2010/2011 (ratoon) growing seasons. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 25 × 2 factorial arrangement (25 clones and two growing seasons), with three replications. At the end of each growing season, the length, diameter, and number and productivity of stalks were evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The average stalk yield of in the most productive clones with early cycle in plant-cane and ratoon (96.6 and 123.4 t ha -1 , respectively) was similar to that obtained with the most productive clones with mid-late cycle (101.5 and 128 t ha -1 , respectively). The stalk yield in ratoon exceeded that obtained in the plant-cane in 13 of the 25 clones evaluated. In general, the most productive clones have elevated number and length of stalks, with an observed low variation in stalk diameter of the tested materials. The clones RB965911, RB925345, RB855156, RB987935, RB935744, RB867515, RB975019, RB925268, RB845210, and RB975329 are the most adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul region, with hi...