Methods:In this retrospective epidemiological study, we analyzed the medical records of the patients with the diagnosis of epilepsy during the study period )January 1st 2016-December 2016( Results:The study included 184 patients, 91 )49.5%( were males and 93 )50.5%( females. Age ranged between 12 and 85 years )mean 35.4±19.5 SD years(. Most of the patients 150 )82%( had Generalized tonic clonic seizures followed by focal onset in 27 )14%( of the patients. Main EEG abnormality was focal to bilateral was recorded in 53 )41%(, idiopathic/ cryptogenic epilepsy was diagnosed in 61% of the patients. The most common abnormalities on brain imaging were temporal/hippocampal atrophy/stroke. The most common cause of symptomatic epilepsy was stroke found in 20)11%( followed by post infectious epilepsy and head trauma. Conclusion:Seizure types, EEG characteristics and etiologies of symptomatic epilepsy in our cohort of patients are in accordance with the current literature. Slight discrepancy observed in gender distribution and etiologies for symptomatic epilepsy compared with other studies from Saudi Arabia need to be studied further by prospective and population base studies.

To study the frequency of multiple vascular risk factors and electrophysiological severity of carpal tunnel syndrome)CTS(in Saudi diabetic patients.

Objective: The objective of this work was to study the electroencephalographic (EEG) grading of neuronal dysfunction in encephalopathy of various etiologies and assess their association with clinical outcomes. Subjects and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed between June and November 2018 at the Neurology Department of King Fahd Hospital of University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and involved a review and analysis of EEG and medical records pertaining to 222 patients in whom encephalopathy was diagnosed. Results: In patients suffering from encephalopathy, advanced age ( P = .01), low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores ( P = .00), and certain etiologies, namely hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) ( P = .00), septic encephalopathy ( P = .01), and other illnesses ( P = .00), were significantly associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes, whereas traumatic brain injury (TBI) ( P = .01) and GCS >7 ( P = .00) were associated with favorable outcomes. Among different etiologies, EEG grade I ( P = .02) and grade IV ( P = .04) neuronal dysfunction was significantly associated with TBI while grade III ( P = .05) and grade V ( P = .02) neuronal dysfunction was significantly associated with HIE. Grade I ( P = .03) neuronal dysfunction was mostly observed in septic encephalopathy cases, while patients suffering from other illnesses were also found to have grade I ( P = .04) and grade IV ( P = .05) neuronal dysfunction based on their EEG. Conclusion: EEG is being conducted routinely to determine the course and severity of various forms of encephalopathy. However, the clinical implications of EEG grading for neuronal dysfunction are largely dependent on underlying etiology and other clinical parameters, such as age and GCS score. Further larger prospective cohort studies involving other important prognostic parameters and continuous EEG monitoring are thus needed.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects the central nervous system. The underlying cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown, yet there are various predisposing factors. Currently, bariatric surgery is an increasingly common solution for obesity. It has been reported that bariatric procedures result in miscellaneous neurological complications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case series to report the occurrence of MS following bariatric surgery. Here we report the cases of five patients who were recruited for inclusion following neurological examination, complete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) study, enhanced cranial as well as spinal cord magnetic resonance (MR) images. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was made based on McDonalds criteria (2010). All cases were diagnosed with relapsing-remitting form of multiple sclerosis (RRMS) after various types of bariatric surgeries.