The big Chomskyan revolution took place by publication of Syntactic structures in 1957 but it evolved gradually during the time. In Syntactic structures, Chomsky introduced a grammar known as Generative Transformational Grammar which has many branches. One of its branches is Government and Binding theory / GB theory, sometimes called "Principle-andparameters Theory", also has some branches. One of its branches is "X-bar syntax". It seems that X-bar syntax is able to describe verb and verb phrase in Boier Ahmadi Lori adequately. So, a free conversation of Boier Ahmadi Lori's informant was recorded. Then all of its simple sentences were analyzed based on X-bar syntax. The research comes up with this conclusion that X-bar syntax is not adequate enough to justify all characteristics of the verb and verb phrase in Boier Ahmadi Lori language.

The incredible speed of contemporary modern world has made using machine translation/ MT an essential need. This paper aims at describing a hybrid machine translation system conducted for translation of some simple declarative English sentences into Persian. It is called a hybrid machine translation system because it employs a combination of both rule-based approaches and corpus-based approaches. The results of the research suggest that the given machine translation system produces more natural sentences which are compatible with Persian word order. Keywords: Machine translation system, Source language, Target language, Hybrid approach 1. Introduction Translation is one of necessities of the today's fast world. To meet this requirement in a faster manner, the human being thought of machine translation. The short history of machine translation has witnessed employing three main approaches in designing MT systems: rule-based approaches, corpus-based approaches, and hybrid approaches. Rule-based approaches and corpus-based approaches have been utilized in designing MT systems for translation from English into Persian more than hybrid approaches. Younesifar (1994) designed and built a machine translation system based on Augmented Transition Netwoks / ATN. The given system which used the sentence model of Wishon could produce a word for word translation of English sentences into Persian. Another machine translation system for translation from English into Persian is a rule-based machine translation based on HPSG. In this system, meaning is shown by Minimal Recursion Semantics / MRS semantic structure (Niknejad, 2008). Saedi (2008) introduced a hybrid machine translation for translation of simple English sentences into Persian. He (ibid) believed that disambiguation and transfer are the most important parts of this machine translation. Faroughi (2007) conducted a machine translation system based on lexical-functional grammar. The given system was designed for translating English sentences into Persian in general with a specific focus on translation of noun phrases. It seems that employing a hybrid approach would lead to generating better results. This research aims to show that utilizing a hybrid approach, i.e. using LFG as its rule-based approach and using a statistical parser as its corpus-based approach, in building an MT system for translating of some English one-place, two-place, and three-place predicators into Persian will produce acceptable and natural sentences. It is hoped that the findings of this research can be useful to translators, teachers, AI researchers and everyone else who needs an MT system.

Habitus is one of the key concepts of the Bourdieusian sociology which Translation Studies has benefited. Based on the Bourdieusian sociological model, this study investigated the translatorial habitus of the Iranian translators of English romance novels as far as the translation strategies of culture-specific items (CSIs) are concerned before and after the Cultural Revolution of 1980 in Iran. The research data include 4282 sentences containing CSIs extracted from Rebecca, Sense and Sensibility, and The Great Gatsby, and their two Persian translations. The extracted data were analyzed, adopting a consolidated typology of translation procedures for CSIs. The strategies employed for translating CSIs are presented with frequencies and percentages using descriptive statistics. Moreover, the results were corroborated with a qualitative analysis of some archived interviews printed in Motarjem [the translator] journal. The investigation revealed three essential findings: a marked source-oriented tendency among Iranian translators of the English romance novels when translating CSIs in the Pre-Cultural Revolution era, maintaining the same tendency in the Post-Cultural Revolution era, and finally a growing tendency in moving from Pre- to Post-Cultural Revolution era. The results of the Chi-square test highlighted a significant difference between various strategies used in two eras.

Translatorial habitus is a key term incorporated Bourdieusian sociological concept of habitus and Translation Studies’ translation norms. In light of Bourdieu’s theoretical model of sociology, this study sought to address the translatorial behaviour of the Iranian translators of English romance novels in terms of the translation strategies of Culture-Specific Items (CSIs) before and after the Cultural Revolution of 1980 in Iran. 4282 sentences containing CSIs were obtained from Rebecca, Sense and Sensibility, the Great Gatsby, and their two Persian translations. Based on how each CSI was translated, they were grouped under one of Liang's proposed categorization. The frequency and percentages of each procedure were calculated using SPSS software. Moreover, the results were cross-checked with a qualitative analysis of some archived interviews printed in Motarjem [the translator] journal, newspapers, and WebPages. The evidence from this study suggests that there was a clear foreignizing trend among Iranian translators of the English romance novels when translating CSIs not only in the Pre-Cultural Revolution era but also in the Post-Cultural Revolution era. Also, a significant difference between various strategies utilized in the two eras was detected.