Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of IDO‐1 gene and cancerous grades of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its subclasses among patients with lung cancer using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods A total of 35 clinical samples were collected from patients with NSCLC. To evaluate the IDO‐1 gene after the extraction of RNA and complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis using real‐time PCR, the expression of the gene was investigated. The western blot analysis method was used for protein expression. Results The highest grade, IIIa grade included six patients (17.1%). Approximately 74% of adenocarcinoma cases were in T‐categories of lung cancer and 25% of patients in IIIa grade. Patients in the IIA and IIB categories belong to the SCC subclass. Results showed that the expression of INDO 5.22 fold gene was more common in patients with lung cancer than NSCLC. Protein expression in western blot analysis in patients compared with normal 3.22 fold change increased. Conclusion The evidence shows that IDO‐1 is a key parameter that inhibits antitumor immune responses in humans. This study has added interesting data to the IDO community for analyzing the expression of cancerous human cancer cells and cancer tissue in humans. The results showed that IDO‐1 not only participates in the process of escape from tumor immunity but can also contribute to the safety of the pretumor area. A wide variety of observed IDO‐1 expression values ​​among patients may present serious barriers to the clinical performance of anti‐ IDO strategies at present.

Background: PD-L1 is the main ligand is expressed on many tumors including lung cancer and is expressed in hematopoietic cells and various leukemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of PD-1 gene and the evaluation of cancerous grades of NSCLC and its subclasses from lung cancer patients in Tehran hospitals using Real-Time PCR. Materials and Methods: A total of 35 clinical samples were collected from patients with NSCLC-derived lung cancer from three hospitals in Tehran (Khatam Hospital, Athiyah Hospital, and Masih Hospital). Of the 35 samples collected in 2017, 20% of the patients were women and 80% of them were male. The range of patients’ age spectrum was 37 - 80 years. The disease grade of the patients in this study was varied and 22 different grades among them. To investigate the PDCD-1 gene expression level, after extraction of RNA and cDNA synthesis the Real-Time PCR was done and the expression of the gene was investigated. Results: The highest grade was IIIa which contained 6 patients (17.1%). 74% of adenocarcinoma cases were in T-categories of lung cancer and 25% of patients were in grade IIIa. Patients with the grade of T3 were observed in 4 samples, 2 had adenocarcinoma and 2 with SCC with age range of 55 -62 years. The results showed that the expression of PDCD-1 increased 2.46 Fold more in patients with lung cancer than NSCLC. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between the PDCD1 or PD-1 expression of NSCLC-type lung cancer compared with healthy individuals, and using the RT-PCR for ease and rapidity it can be proved.

Background: The aim of this study was to identification of polymorphisms of FOLH1 and DISC1 genes in Iranian patients with schizophrenia. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 50 patients with schizophrenia and 50 healthy controls were evaluated. PCR-RFLP and Tetra-ARMS method used for detection of FOLH1 and DISC1 gene respectively in both of patients and control groups. Results: The frequency of CC, CT, and TT genotypes for FOLH1 gene in rs61886494 locus in schizophrenic patients was 92%, 8%, and 0%, respectively, and in healthy subjects, 94%, 0%, and 6%, respectively. The frequency of DISC gene in GG genotype was higher than that of normal people and frequency of GA genotype was lower than normal subjects. In addition, the genotype AA was identified only in patients. Conclusion: For FOLH1 gene in rs61886494 locus, the frequency of CC and TT genotypes in patients was 2% and 6% lower in healthy people, while CT genotype in patients was 8% higher in healthy people. Interestingly, TT genotype was not observed in patients and CT genotype in healthy people was not observed. Regarding the DISC1 gene, the results showed that the frequency of homozygous GG and GA homozygote genotypes in the patients was higher in the rs12133766 locus, while the heterozygote GA was high in healthy subjects and was not observed in patients. Therefore, the result of this study in our country can provide suitable method for diagnosis and prevention of schizophrenia patients.

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