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CONTEXT: Women with disabilities are at elevated risk for pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum complications. However, there has not been a synthesis of literature on the neonatal and infant health outcomes of their offspring. OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between maternal disability and risk for adverse neonatal and infant health outcomes. DATA SOURCES: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Medline, and PsycINFO were searched from database inception to January 2020. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included if they reported original data on the association between maternal physical, sensory, or intellectual and/or developmental disabilities and neonatal or infant health outcomes; had a referent group of women with no disabilities; were peer-reviewed journal articles or theses; and were written in English. DATA EXTRACTION: We used standardized instruments to extract data and assess study quality. DerSimonian and Laird random effects models were used for pooled analyses. RESULTS: Thirty-one studies, representing 20 distinct cohorts, met our inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses revealed that newborns of women with physical, sensory, and intellectual and/or developmental disabilities were at elevated risk for low birth weight and preterm birth, with smaller numbers of studies revealing elevated risk for other adverse neonatal and infant outcomes. LIMITATIONS: Most studies had moderate (n = 9) or weak quality (n = 17), with lack of control for confounding a common limitation. CONCLUSIONS: In future work, researchers should explore the roles of tailored preconception and perinatal care, along with family-centered pediatric care particularly in the newborn period, in mitigating adverse outcomes among offspring of women with disabilities.

Aim To compare residual astigmatism prediction errors across Barrett toric calculations using predicted posterior corneal astigmatism (PCA) and PCA measured using the IOL Master 700 with total keratometry (IOLM). Methods A retrospective cohort study was undertaken on patients with corneal astigmatism and no other ocular comorbidities that underwent uneventful refractive femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery with toric IOL implantation between May 2019 and November 2019. Toric calculations were performed using the Barrett toric calculator and the following values: predicted PCA with anterior corneal measurements from Pentacam, IOLM standard keratometry (SK), OPD scan, and median measurements from these devices; predicted PCA with IOLM total keratometry (TK); and measured PCA with IOLM SK or IOLM TK. Residual astigmatism prediction error was calculated for each device and method of calculation at postoperative month 1 and 3 using the astigmatism double angle plot tool. Results A total of 24 eyes, 10 with-the-rule (WTR), 10 against-the-rule (ATR) and 4 oblique astigmatism, from 24 patients were included in this study. PCA ranged from 0.00 to 0.67 D with a mean of 0.24 ± 0.15 D in all eyes. PCA was significantly greater in WTR eyes (0.32 D) compared to ATR eyes (0.16 D; p < 0.05). In ATR eyes, calculations made using IOLM SK and measured PCA had significantly lower total corneal astigmatism and toric IOL cylinder power compared to calculations made using Pentacam and IOLM TK (p < 0.05). No significant difference in mean absolute or centroid residual astigmatism prediction error was observed across devices or calculation methods. The percentage of eyes with absolute astigmatism prediction errors ≤0.5 D was not significantly different across groups. Conclusion Barrett toric calculations using predicted PCA and PCA measured using IOLM produced comparable residual astigmatism prediction errors. The incorporation of median measurements did not significantly impact calculation accuracy.

Background: BroadBand light intense pulsed light (BBL-IPL) therapy has shown to reduce hordeolum and blepharitis frequency. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BBL-IPL therapy in patients with dry eye disease (DED) from meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Methods: This is a retrospective, consecutive case series of 48 patients with DED from MGD who underwent BBL-IPL therapy from October 2016 to January 2019 at a single, outpatient clinic in Ontario, Canada. Clinical outcomes included first and average noninvasive keratograph tear break-up times (NIKBUT), bulbar redness (BR) scores, tear meniscus heights (TMH), visual acuity (VA) and meibograph grades. Patient-reported outcomes included the Canadian dry eye assessment (CDEA) questionnaire and patient subjective assessment (PSA) scores. Outcomes were measured at baseline and after completion of 4 monthly BBL-IPL sessions. Results: The mean severity of dry eye symptoms as measured by the CDEA and PSA decreased significantly from 19.78 ± 9.62 to 12.08 ± 7.40 (p<0.001) and from 7.65 ± 1.74 to 4.77 ± 2.03 (p<0.001), respectively. Twenty-five percent of patients reported no dry eye symptoms after treatment. The meibograph grade improved significantly in both eyes (p<0.001). Approximately 71.0% and 80.1% of patients had an improved meibograph grade in the right and left eye, respectively. Near-significant improvements were observed for BR scores and VA. There was also a trend towards improved first/average NIKBUT and TMH scores. No adverse events were noted. Conclusion: BBL-IPL appears to be an effective and safe treatment modality in improving dry eye symptoms and meibomian gland function in patients with DED from MGD.

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