This paper presents the stochastic seismic response analysis of masonry minarets subjected to random underground blast and earthquake‐induced ground motions by using a three‐dimensional finite element model. The random blast and earthquake‐induced ground motions are represented by the power spectral density function and applied to each support point of the three‐dimensional finite element model of the masonry minaret system. This research conducted a parametric study to estimate the effects of the blast‐induced ground motion on the stochastic response of the minaret. Therefore, the analyses were carried out for the different values of the charge weight and the distance from the charge centre. In addition, in order to investigate the effect of earthquake‐induced ground motion on the stochastic response of the masonry minaret, three different soil conditions—soft, medium and firm soils—are considered in the analyses. Finally, it is noted that underground blast and earthquake effects cause the stochastic behaviour of minaret to change considerably. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
This paper presents a stochastic finite element seismic response study of a water tank subjected to random underground blast-induced ground motion. Such tanks contain water and hazardous chemical substances, which implies significant risk to human life, serious environmental pollution, and considerable economic loss. The random blast-induced ground motion is represented by power spectral density function and applied to each support point of the three dimensional finite element model of the elevated water tank-fluid interaction system. A parametric study is conducted to estimate the effects of the blastinduced ground motion on the stochastic response of the elevated water tank system. Therefore, the analyses are carried out for different values of the charge weight and the distance from the charge centre. Additionally, in order to investigate the effect of the fluid on the stochastic response of the elevated water tank, three cases with different water levels are considered in the analyses. Finally, it is observed that underground blast loading considerably changes the stochastic behavior of the elevated water tank system.
SummaryThis study aimed to use the response surface (RS) method for finite element (FE) model updating, using operational modal analysis (OMA). The RS method was utilized to achieve better agreement between the numerical and field‐measured structure response. The OMA technique for the field study was utilized to obtain modal parameters of the selected historic masonry minaret. The natural frequencies and mode shapes were experimentally determined by the enhanced frequency domain decomposition (EFDD) method. The optimum results between the experimental and numerical analyses were found by using the optimization method. The central composite design was used to construct the design of experiments, and the genetic aggregation approach was performed to generate the RS models. After obtaining the RS models, an attempt was made to converge the natural frequency values corresponding to the five‐mode shapes with the frequency values identified by the experimental analysis. ANSYS software was used to perform 3D finite element (FE) modeling of the historic masonry minaret and to numerically identify the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the minaret. The results of the experimental, initial, and updated FE model were compared with each other. Significant differences can be seen when comparing the experimental and analytical results with the initial conditions.
This paper presents the advantages of using asphalt in lining dams and in asphaltic concrete core dams when comparing with clay core dams. For this purpose, the linear and nonlinear stochastic responses of a clay core dam, an asphaltic lining dam and an asphaltic concrete core dam subjected to stationary and non-stationary excitation including spatially varying ground motion (SVEGM) effects are determined by finite element method. The nonlinear response is based on equivalent linear method, which considers the nonlinear variation of soil shear moduli and damping as a function of shear strain. The results are compared with those of the responses computed using linear response for uniform ground motion and SVEGM. The spatial variability of ground motion is taken into account with incoherence and wave passage effects. Stationary as well as non-stationary stochastic response analyses are performed for three types of dam. A time dependent frequency response function is used throughout the study for non-stationary responses. It is observed from the results that it can be possible to use of asphaltic lining dams and an asphaltic concrete core dams instead of clay core dams.
In this study, an experimental and numerical study is carried out to estimate the dynamic behavior of reinforced concrete minaret subjected to low temperatures during earthquakes. For this purpose, 1:20 reduced scale model of an actual reinforced concrete minaret was built in the laboratory. In order to estimate the effects of the seasonal low temperatures on the minaret, the model was placed into a large volume freezer and then were exposed to low temperatures of-50C,-100C,-200C and-300C, respectively. For each temperature, the model was taken outside the freezer and by using the shaking table, the maximum acceleration values at the top and middle region of the minaret were obtained with accelerometers mounted on the minaret. The maximum acceleration values illustrated that seasonal low temperatures affect seismic behavior of the prototype reinforced concrete minaret model.
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