An anatomical study of wheat (Triticum aestivunt L.) kernels 14 days after anthesis revealed that the tracheary elements of the pericarp vascular bundle are not in direct continuity with those of the rachilla. The phloem was continuous from the rachilla into the crease of the pericarp.Shortly after exposure of the flag leaf to '4CO2, relatively high proportion of the "C extracted from the pericarp and endosperm was found in glucose and fructose. With additional time, the percentage of 14C in the monosaccharides declined and that in sucrose increased to a maximum 3 hours after "CO2 exposure. The monosaccharides comprised about onehalf of the soluble sugars extracted from the pericarp. Based on these observations, it appeared that sucrose hydrolysis might be prerequisite to sugar movement from the terminal phloem elements in the pericarp and into the endosperm. However, when "4C-fructosyl-sucrose was injected into the peduncle, there was little additional randomization of the 14C between the glucose and fructose moieties of sucrose extracted from the pericarp and endosperm compared to the rachis sucrose. If we assume that injected sucose was transported to the kernels via the phloem, then either sucrose moves out of the terminal phloem elements in the pericarp and into the endosperm unaltered, or if hydrolysis and resynthesis are a prerequisite to transport into the endosperm, the products of hydrolysis are not freely available for isomerization.Phloem elements responsible for the transport of sugars from leaves to developing maize (Zea mays L.) kernels terminate in the pedicel (upper rachilla) (14). Sugars in transit to a developing kernel move out of the phloem elements in the pedicel through the placento-chalazal tissue and into the endosperm ' (7) concluded that nutrients entering a wheat kernel through the vascular bundle at the base of the crease move across the chalaza and out into the endosperm through the nucellar projection.We showed previously that sucrose is cleaved to glucose and fructose prior to or during movement into the starchy endosperm of maize (27) both edges of the assimilate chamber to form a gas-tight seal around the flag leaves. Four 300-w General Electric4 cool lamps positioned above the photosynthetic chamber (Fig. 1B) supplied approximately 3100 ft-c of light intensity at the level of the flag leaves. The flag leaves of 10 plants, growing in separate pots, were enclosed in the assimilation chamber. A vacuum pump was attached to the air inlet and greenhouse air was pulled through the chamber for 30 min. Following the 30-min equilibration period, the vacuum pump was removed and the '4CO2 generator was inserted between the air inlet and outlet forming a closed system. To generate "4CO2, 0.5 ml of 80% lactic acid was added to a vial containing 1 mg of Ba'4CO3 (129 uCi). The released '4CO2 was swept into the chamber by 'Mention of a trademark name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the United States Department of Agriculture ...

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This research was conducted to study the response of various wheat cultivars to water status through plant length , flag leaf length, number of tillers per plant, number of leaves per plant, weight of loosed, plant dry weight, protein content in kernel%, and total carbohydrates, Results indicate that the drought periods significantly days for Sham-3-hard(durum) cultivars and signifiecantly decreased for Maxipak and Abu-Greb cultivars at drought period 21 days and Bakrajow at drought period of 7, 14 and 21 days period fo Aras. Water stress periods significantly decreased number of spike per plant, number of seed per spike, number of seed per plant for all cultivars except Bakrajow for number of seed per spike, and also it significantly decreased weight of loosed especially of the two water stress periods 14, and 21 days and plant dry weight for all cultivars except Sham-3-Soft(aestivum). Drought period significantly decreased protien content in kernel% of Sham-3-Hard in all drought periods and Sham-6-soft at 21 days period.

An investigation was conducted to study the effects of IAA, GA and cytokinine on the growth, yield components and % of protein content of wheat plants Triticum durum cv. Bakrajo Results indicate that the growth regulators caused in significant increase in plant height, number of tillers/ plant, number of kernals/spike and 1000 grain weight. Significant differences were found among the concentration of growth regulators through height, number of leaves/ plant, number of spike / plant, the lenght of spike and number of kernels / spike. also the time of application has significant affected on the length of spike and protein content percentage. As well as the interaction betwwen growth regulators, concentration and time of application showed significant differences.