Sepakbola merupakan olahraga yang banyak sekali memerlukan keterampilan teknik dasar. Salah satu teknik dasar yang diperlukan ialah tendangan shooting. Tendangan shooting adalah memasukan bola ke gawang dengan cara ditendang untuk mendapatkan sebuah poin. Akan tetapi, banyak pemain yang masih kurang baik dalam melakukan shooting sehingga ketika melakukan penetrasi bola ke gawang kurang efektif. Untuk itu maka dibutuhkan latihan yang terarah dan tepat yaitu dengan menggunakan metode teaching game for understanding (TGfU). Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan bentuk pre-expremintal design. Subjek penelitian ini adalah pemain Klub PSPI Pontianak. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes GPAI. Analisis data menggunakan perhitungan statistik uji Wilcoxon, sebelumnya telah diuji normalitas dan homogenitas terlebih dahulu. Metode latihan permainan TGfU dengan hasil shooting didapat nilai signifikansi 0,004 < 0,05, jadi sudah ada perbedaan signifikan. Jadi metode teaching game for understanding (TGfU) terdapat kemampuan shooting sepakbola

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Background: Schizophrenia is one of the mental disorder with many problematic issues, in both psychologically and socially. This disease requires provision of long-term antipsychotic therapy, hence could rise other potential health problems. Antipsychotic treatment can cause serious glucometabolic side-effects, including type 2 diabetes and hyperglycemic emergency. Recent attention has also been focused on antipsychotic-induced hyperglycemic emergencies experienced by new users of typical and atypical antipsychotic. Patients treated with atypical APDs have ~10 times higher risk in developing hyperglycaemic emergencies. In our pre-eliminary study, hyperglycemia condition in new patients occurs in four  in seven patients who received typical and atypical antipsychotics. This condition is often overlooked and is not routinely evaluated. Moreover, it can develop into diabetes and increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in schizophrenia patients. In this study, we would like to determine the acute effects of metabolic (hyperglycemia) in patients treated with antipsychotic (Risperidone and Haloperidol) Measurement of blood sugar levels was performed in groups treated with haloperidol (N = 15) and treated with risperidone (N = 15). Plasma samples were taken at the beginning of treatment, in week IV, and in week VIII. The measurement of glucose levels was performed after meal and in early morning before breakfast (fasting blood glucose level 8 hours). Results: The blood sugar level after meals was significantly higher in the Risperidone group compared to the Haloperidol group  (p <0.001) after IV and VIII weeks. Meanwhile, the fasting blood sugar level was significantly higher in the Risperidone group compared to the Haloperidol group after VIII weeks of treatment ( p <0.001). Conclusions: Both antipsychotics can cause an increase in blood sugar levels. Treatment with Risperidone significantly increased the blood sugar levels compared to treatment with haloperidol. Measurement of blood sugar level is needed to monitor the metabolic effect of antipsychotic, especially in patients treated with Risperidone. It is necessary to have dietary regulation and physical activities to prevent undesired metabolic side effects.

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia affects 1% of population and its molecular etiology remains enigmatic despite enormous study. Approximately one-third of patients failed to respond with treatment. The 5-HT2A receptor appears to be one of important site of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs. It also has been suggested that the T102C gene polymorphism alters promoter activity and expression of 5-HT2A receptors and might be responsible for the associations with the efficacy of typical antipsychotics. AIM: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential link between T102C polymorphism in the Serotonin Receptors (5-HT2A) and their response to risperidone. METHODS: We studied 100 schizophrenia patients and 100 healthy volunteers as a comparison of 5-HT2A receptors gene polymorphism distribution, which were all Indonesian. The peripheral blood samples were obtained from all participants. The patients assessed by Positive and Negative Scale (PANSS) and Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) when admitted to the hospital. Clinical improvements then assessed 5 times in 4 weeks (when transferred to sub-acute ward, at the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd, and the 4th week). To analyze the T102C polymorphism of 5-HT2A receptor gene, we used an allele specific polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS: In this study, there were three various polymorphisms of T102C in the serotonin receptor (5-HT2A) gene: T/T, C/C, and T/C. The patients who had homozygous for T/T genotypes were found to give better improvement to risperidone than the patients who were C/C and T/C genotypes (P:0.001). Moreover, the patients with C allele genotype T/C and C/C had minimal response (P:0.001). We found no significant difference distribution of genotypes between schizophrenia patients and healthy volunteers (P:0.498). CONCLUSION: Our result supported that there was a potential link between T102C polymorphism in the serotonin receptor (5-HT2A) gene and treatment response of risperidone. It suggested the importance of genetic screening such as examination of the Serotonin Receptor 5-HT2A (T102C) gene polymorphism to be performed to optimize therapeutic strategies with antipsychotic.