Objective: To determine the frequency of Helicobacter Pylori infection on histopathology in patients presenting with dyspepsia. Background: Helicobacter Pylori is associated with dyspepsia in patients who have gastric mucosal abnormalities and this infection can be diagnosed by invasive and non invasive test. Histology of endoscopically taken biopsy, for exploration of this organism is used in this study.

Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) are increasing aware of the consequence of osteoporosis. Low bone turnover, impaired osteoblast function, and low blood osteocalcin levels are the hallmarks of osteoporosis in CLD, which mostly affects trabecular bone. Osteoporosis is the public health issue of metabolic bone disease among the every age group throughout the globe especially in Pakistan. The current study was conducted in DHQ, KPK, Pakistan to determine the prevalence percentage of osteoporosis in patients during July 2020-2021. Out of 548 patients, the prevalence of osteoporosis was 22.9% at a 95% Confidence Interval (5.9-12.5%), which was higher among female (57.60%) than male (42.40%). The higher prevalence rate was recorded in old patients than young patients. The lower weight, height and cholestasis in sex are risk factors of osteoporosis in chronic liver disease. The early detection of disease can help in decreasing the socio-economic burden and fracture rates.

Recent evidence gleaned from forthcoming experimental research and clinical examinations lends credence to the idea that certain dietary patterns, foods, and minerals can play a part in lowering the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and keeping the condition under control. The quality of the nutritive fats and carbs that are ingested is far more essential than the amount of these nutrients that are taken in. It has been demonstrated that diets that are high in legumes, whole grains, nuts, fruits and vegetables and low in red meats, refined grains, and beverages lessen the incidence of diabetes and better glycaemic control and blood lipids in diabetics. Diets that are high in beverages and red meats increase the risk of developing diabetes. Numerous dietary patterns, i.e., the Mediterranean diet, diets with a low glycaemic index, diets with moderately low carbs, and veggie diets, are all able to be adapted to individual and cultural food preferences while still meeting the necessary calorie requirements for weight management, diabetes prevention and management, and other related health goals.