Females suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome have marked insulin resistance, independent of obesity. These women also have multiple risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hypertension. Uric acid level has also been recognized recently as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, females with PCOS may have abnormal profile of uric acid. Objectives: To compare uric acid levels in females of polycystic ovarian syndrome with and without insulin resistance. Methods: Cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Biochemistry Department of Islam Medical College, Sialkot. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on their insulin resistance. In group-A patients were taken with PCOS and in group-B patients were taken with PCOS without insulin resistance. A total of 108 cases (54 in each group) fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria. In both groups uric acid level was measured by standard procedure. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22 accordingly. Results: The mean age for all the cases was 29.43 ± 4.08 years, while mean age in insulin resistance group was 29.33 ± 4.06 years and mean age in non-insulin resistance group was 29.52 ± 4.13 years. The mean uric acid in insulin resistance and non-insulin resistance group was 4.92 ± 0.89 mg/dl and 4.48 ± 0.95 mg/dl with significantly higher mean uric acid in insulin resistance group, p-value < 0.05. Conclusion: We conclude that females having PCOS with insulin resistance had higher mean uric acid levels. Females with insulin resistance must be prevented from hyperuricemia to minimize the further risk of insulin resistance.

Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign pelvic tumours in females.Rarely they are associated with symptoms of ectopic hormone production. One of thesesyndromes is the myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome, which is a triad of polycythaemia,fibroid(s) and resolution of the polycythaemia after hysterectomy. The case presented is of apost-menopausal lady found to have a Hb of 21 during workup of a pelvic mass. A diagnosis ofsecondary polycythemia due to ectopic erythropoietin production by the fibroid was made. Afterfive sessions of phlebotomiesa target Hb of 15 was obtained for surgery. The haematologicalvalues restored to normal three days post-operatively. It has been postulated that all fibroidsproduce erythropoietin. Recognition and proper management of this condition is importantto differentiate between primary and secondary polycythaemia as primary polycythemiais a thromboembolic condition, to avoid un-necessary investigations and to prevent anycomplications secondary polycythaemia may have per-operatively.

Objective: To determine the taboos and myths regarding breastfeeding practices in our pregnant population. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from May to Oct 2018. Methodology: A total of 100 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics were included in the study using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Taboos and myths regarding breast feeding practices were determined using self-administered questionnaire on 2-point Likert scale (1=agree & 2=disagree). Results: A total of 100 pregnant women participated in the study. Mean parity was 2.89 ± 1.75 and gravidity was 4.17 ± 2.04. Most of the mothers (90%) were house wives and received information regarding breast feeding from family members (81%). Mothers were aware of the nutritious value of breast milk as compared to formula milk. However, there were myths that were not evidence based. These include: breasts sag with breast feeding (48%), it is not necessary to breast feed the baby during night time (43%), breast milk alone was not sufficient to satisfy the child (51%), small size breast produce insufficient milk (27%). Conclusion: Participants of this study are aware of the importance of breast feeding. However, there are certain taboos and myths prevailing in our population which are not proven scientifically.