Fishmeal, as one of the main protein sources, has become scarce and expensive. This conventional protein source is no longer considered sustainable. As an alternative, black soldier fly (BSF) is a popular non-conventional protein source that has been tested in the formulation of aquafeed to replace fishmeal due to its nutritional value, reasonably low price, and large abundance. Nevertheless, evidence on the BSF supplementation varied among species. This meta-analysis examined the influence of replacing fishmeal with BSF on the performance of fish species by using 47 published papers targeting 23 different species. The results revealed that, overall, BSF inclusion had no significant effect on survival rate (SR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The magnitude effect on specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG) was species-dependent; it increased SGR and WG of omnivores but decreased (P<0.01) when fed to carnivores and herbivores. Meta-regression analysis indicated a negative linear relationship of FCR on carnivore (P<0.05; R2=0.61) and omnivore (P<0.05; R2=0.15). In addition, principal component analysis confirmed that although most species showed an increasing trend in response to dietary BSF, FCR decreased on a few species (Anabas testudineus and Acipenser baerii) which belong to omnivores. In conclusion, BSF meal can be a partial substitute for fishmeal in the formulation of only some specific species no more than 30%. Special notice should be considered on carnivore and herbivore species because utilisation of BSF in species might compromise their performance.

Orthosiphon aristatus (called kumis kucing in Indonesia) is a valuable herb for diabetes mellitus treatment. In this study, LC-MS/MS and PCA analyses were used to investigate the metabolite profile, classify O. aristatus extracts, and assess the inhibitory activity of a-glucosidase and the probable bioactive compounds through in silico study. Results showed that the methanol and ethanol extracts of O. aristatus were active in α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Both extracts contained 86 compounds as known from the LC-MS/MS analysis. PCA analysis identified 10 metabolites that correlated with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Results of in silico analysis obtained rosmarinic acid compound potentially act as anti-diabetic activity, which can be developed for further research.

One of the world community's current challenges is determining how to achieve the SDGs goals on environmental quality before 2030. This study aims to determine how the massive population and economic growth affect the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas in the six South American countries with the largest population and use the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis approach. The data used is panel data from 2011 to 2021 in six countries based on the average population of the largest population over 11 years in South America. The results of the study explain that the total population has a significant positive effect on CO2 emissions. In addition, trade openness through imports has a significant positive effect and this study was unable to validate the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in six South American countries from 2011 to 2021.

There is still a lack of knowledge on the society in Carita District, Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province about the importance of character values. It happens because that is a remote area so that they rarely get direction and guidance, especially related to the value of the character, the solution is the need for a workshop about Implementation of the National Movement of the Revolutionary Mental in Sub-district Carita, Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province. The GNRM workshop is a movement to change the way of thinking of society or youth, change the way of work that has been done so far to be more advanced, change the way of life, as well as attitudes and behavior of society which will further improve aspects of integrity, high ethical aspects and the spirit of mutual cooperation based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. This workshop is divided into two themes, namely: a) "Implementation of the Cultivation of National Character Values that support the National Movement of the Mental Revolution in the society of Carita Sub-district, Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province". The purpose of the workshop is of course very useful for the society in Carita Sub-district to understand the nature of the implementation of character values which will later be practiced in everyday life. b) "Local wisdom that supports the National Movement of Mental Revolution in the society of Carita Sub-district, Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province". The purpose of this workshop is that the society of Carita are expected to preserve local culture as a national cultural heritage that is not lost even with the very rapid development of the era and towards the era of society 4.0.

Anemia is one of the most nutritional problem in the world, including Indonesia. The World Health Organization (WHO) stated that the prevalence of anemia in the world reachs 40-88% and in Indonesia reach 26%. Anemia sufferers can decreased immunity, thus increasing the risk of being infected with the virus during the COVID-19 pandemic. The efforts to prevent anemia and increase body immunity have to be done, one of which is by eating food that rich in iron and immunomodulator sources. Therefore, BISNECO was created by formulation of mashed red dragon fruit, moringa leaves powder, and red ginger powder. It is an innovative biscuit that substituted with natural iron sources and immunomodulators. Biscuits as the most favorite snack of various people, such as children, adolescents, and adults with varoius economic conditions. BISNECO was made on baking principle, while the subtitients was made by drying and milling principle. The substituents were added to the biscuit dough and then baked at 120°C for 10 minutes. The Critical Control Points (CCPs) on BISNECO production are baking and cooling. The result of the analysis conducted showed that BISNECO has iron content as much as 29.064 mg/100 g with 22.836 mg/100 g degradated cause of baking process. If BISNECO consume as much as 100 grams for 21 consecutive days will increase Hb in the blood by 1.96 g/dl. BISNECO also contains 6-shogaol and 1-dehydro-6-gingerdion which effectively inhibit the production of nitric oxide and prostagladin E2 by activating macrophages to control immunity. Based on that role, BISNECO can prevent anemia and risk of Covid-19 infection. BISNECO is packaged in a multilayer standing pouch packaging with a zipper lock. The standing pouch packaging was made from polypropylene, aluminium, and enamel. It be done to keeps it’s quality and safety during the distibutions to consumers.