Antidesma bunius (Family-Euphorbiaceae), also popularly known in the Philippines as bignay and is a found in several Asian countries. This plant is famous in South Asia. In the traditional medicine, various plant parts such as root, bark, leaves, fruits which are used in traditional system of medicine for a long time, for the treatment of various disease due to having cytotoxic, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, antiradical, thrombolytic activity, antiplatelet, anticoagulant, anti-dysenteric, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anticancer and sudorific activity. This plant can also be used as pesticide agents. This plant also has a role in improvement of blood circulation. It is a good remedy for snakebite, coughs, flatulence and intestinal colic. Phytochemical analysis of the Antidesma bunius has confirmed presence of different kinds of flavonoids, terpene, sugar, saponin, tannin, toxic alkaloids, phenolic acids, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2 and anthocyanins. This present study gives an insight to the pharmacogonstical, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Antidesma bunius.

A. bunius tree is shrubby, generally height in between 10 to 26 ft. (3-8 m) but it can extend up to 50 or even 100 ft. (15-30 m). Leaves are shaped like oblong which is 4 to 9 inch (10-22.5 cm) long, 2 to 3 inch (5-7.5 cm) wide. The tree is tiny, odorous, reddish and axillary racemes are 3 to 8 inch (7.5-20cm) long. Fruits of this plant are shaped like round or ovoid and taste acidic, slightly sweet. For some people it taste like bitter, straw-colored stone, an irregular, flattened oval, ridged, very hard, 3/8 in (1 cm) long, 1/4 in (6 mm) wide. 3

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Aims: To investigate the presence of various phytochemicals and to evaluate DPPH scavenging activity, total flavonoid content, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the different extracts of Enhydra fluctuans lour.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate total antioxidant capacity, free radical scavenging activity, thrombolytic activity and screening of phytochemical constituents. Total antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging activity were determined by standard methods. In thrombolytic test clot lysis method was used. Phytochemical screening was done by characteristic color changes or color precipitate using standard phytochemical reaction methods. Results of the preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract of A. bunius L. leaves revealed the presence of various bioactive components which include saponins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids and proteins in the extract. The total antioxidant capacity of crude methanolic extract was also found very good compared to standard catechin. In DPPH assay the scavenging activity of the methanolic extract (IC50 3.10g/ml) showed very good activity compared to standard BHT (IC50 2.30 g/ml).The methanolic extract of leaves of A. bunius exhibited thrombolytic activity 21.1 %, thrombolytic activity respectively compared to standard streptokinase (61.31%) lysis of clot. It can be concluded that the methanolic extract of A. bunius leaves could be used in drug formulation because of its effective pharmacological properties. Hence, the plant may further be explored for its various pharmacological activities.