The solvothermal reaction of sulfur, selenium, or tellurium with cadmium metal powder in different organic solvents in the temperature range 120-200°C was investigated systematically to prepare cadmium chalcogenides, CdE (E ) S, Se, Te). The results showed that the character of the products, such as crystal size, shape, and structure, were strongly influenced by the solvent and temperature during the solvothermal process. One-dimensional nanorods of CdE, with 10-40 nm diameters and several micrometers in length, were obtained by choosing coordinating solvents such as ethylenediamine and 1,6-diaminohexane as the reaction solvent. A solvent coordination molecular template mechanism for the growth of the nanorods was proposed. The CdEs thus produced were analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Ultraviolet-visible absorption, photoluminescence, and Raman spectra were used to characterize the resultant nanometer particles.

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By noticing that although single-mode Susskind–Glogower phase operator does not commute with photon number operator, two-mode nonlinear phase operator commutes with number-difference operator. We reveal that the common eigenstate <η| of two-particles' relative coordinate and total momentum involves the entanglement between phase and amplitude. We also reveal entanglement between number difference and amplitude inherent in the state |D,|η|>, where [Formula: see text] is a deductive state of |η>.

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