Introduction Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a prevalent problem in the female population in Iran. A subjective assessment instrument that allows cross-cultural comparison of FSD is urgently needed. Aim The aims of the study were to translate, validate, and enhance cross-cultural comparability of an Iranian version (IV) of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI)—the IV-FSFI. Methods A total of 448 women (19–54 years, mean 29.7, standard deviation 7.3) from five different Iranian outpatient obstetrics and gynecology clinics were eligible for this study. The IV-FSFI was developed through forward and backward translation, revision by a research team, and a subsequent pilot study. After an interview for clinical diagnosis of FSD based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, all participants completed the IV-FSFI for the validation study. Three hundred sixty-two women completed the IV-FSFI again, 4 weeks after the first visit. Main Outcome Measures Test–retest reliability was determined by Pearson’s product-moment correlations. Reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Construct validity was evaluated by principal component analysis using varimax rotation and by subsequent confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Discriminant validity was assessed with between-groups analysis of variance. Results The overall test–retest reliability coefficients were high for each domain of the IV-FSFI (r ranging from 0.73 to 0.86) and the internal consistencies within the acceptable range (α from 0.72 to 0.90). Principal component analysis with varimax rotation revealed a best fitting five-factor structure similar to the original FSFI (χ2 = 2.1, degree of freedom = 17, P < 0.001). CFA confirmed the underlying domain structure, supporting the factorial validity of the IV-FSFI. Conclusions In conclusion, the newly developed IV-FSFI has demonstrated to be a reliable and valid instrument with good psychometric properties that allows a quick and accurate preliminary screening of women with unknown sexual health status in clinics and other medical settings.

Extreme fear of childbirth may interfere with normal process of labor and increase the rate of cesarean section. The aim of this study was to evaluate validity and reliability of a Persian version of Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) among nulliparous women. In this cross-sectional study, 200 nulliparous women of reproductive age were recruited. The original form of the W-DEQ was received from corresponding author (Garthus-Niegel). This questionnaire was translated into Persian language and back-translated to English by three experts in reproductive health and psychiatry who were fluent in Persian and English. Two questionnaires namely the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) were used to check the convergent and divergent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the construct validity, while the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the convergent and divergent validity of the W-DEQ. Reliability was measured using Cronbach's coefficient alpha. Factor analysis yielded nine factors that explained 70.06% of the total variation. Cronbach's alpha was 0.64 and the convergent validity with the BAI questionnaire was (r=0.402) and the divergent validity of W-DEQ with the DASS questionnaire was (r=0.349). The Persian W-DEQ has a good validity and reliability for measuring the fear of delivery in Iranian women of reproductive age. Using this questionnaire for nulliparous women is recommended.

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sleep quality and sexual function among Iranian women. Methods This study was conducted on 277 married women of reproductive age. The inclusion criteria were as follows: married women aged 18–45 years, with at least basic literacy, and women married monogamously for at least one year. The following tools were used for gathering data: a demographic questionnaire; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); Insomnia Severity Index (ISI); Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS); and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Pearson correlation coefficients, independent t-tests, chi-square tests, and linear regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Results There was a significant inverse relation between poor sleep quality (r = −0.13, P = 0.02), daytime sleepiness (r = −0.39, P < 0.001), insomnia (r = −0.35, P < 0.001), and sexual function. Sexual desire was significantly related to sleep quality and insomnia (P < 0.001). Sexual arousal (r = −0.18, r = −0.29, P < 0.001), lubrication (r = −0.21, r = −0.3, −0.12, P < 0.001), orgasms (r = 0.17, r = −0.15, P < 0.001), and sexual satisfaction (r = −0.02, −r = 0.3, r = −0.15, P < 0.001) were significantly related to all types of sleep disorders (poor sleep quality, insomnia, and sleepiness). Pain during intercourse was significantly associated with poor sleep quality and insomnia. With each unit decrease in sleep quality, sexual function decreased by 0.49 (P < 0.001), and with each unit increase in the delay of sleep onset, sexual function decreased by 1.58 (P = 0.04). Conclusion Results of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between sleep quality and sexual function in Iranian women of reproductive age. The quality of sleep among reproductive-aged women merits the attention of health care providers and policy makers.

Introduction: Health-care worker desire to receive coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination can affect public perception and adoption of vaccination. The present study surveyed the health beliefs of health-care staff regarding COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: In this cross-sectional online survey conducted in Iran between May and June 2021, 537 health-care staff (73.8% females) participated. Health-care staff were assessed on the following constructs: health locus of control, trust in the health-care system, subjective norms, fear of COVID-19, attitude and feelings toward vaccination, physical distancing, intention to engage in preventative behaviors, and perceived behavioral control. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the influence of demographic, clinical factors, fear of COVID-19, and health beliefs, in predicting openness toward vaccination. Results: About 67.5% of subjects received COVID-19 vaccination (first or second dose), with 57.2% reporting feeling confident in getting vaccinated and 32% expressing hesitancy in getting vaccinated. Trust in the health-care system, fear of COVID-19, and positive attitude toward vaccination were significantly higher in vaccinated participants than unvaccinated ones, P < 0.05. Conclusion: Being vaccinated and openness toward vaccination are influenced by health-care professionals' demographic and clinical characteristics, and health perceptions (i.e., fear of COVID-19). Whereas being overwhelmed with fear of COVID-19 is unadvisable, realistic concern balanced with appropriate action (e.g., vaccination) may be reasonable.

Four cases of pelvic arteriovenous malformations (AVM) were diagnosed and managed by CT, angiography, and embolotherapy. CT was used to determine the size, extent, and vascularity of each AVM and the involvement of adjacent organs. Thus CT was pivotal in the choice between surgical extirpation or embolotherapy. CT was also useful in monitoring patients following therapy.