Graphene/V 2 O 5 /MoO 3 (GVM) films were fabricated by the sol-gel method. The structure, electrochemical and electrochromic properties were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The optical modulatory range of the GVM film was enlarged to 25.35%, which is 1.38 times larger than that of V 2 O 5 (V) films. The cyclic stability is improved significantly and the films perform well in the response rate. The bleaching time is 1.25 seconds, and the coloration time is 1.40 seconds. These results demonstrate that the GVM films are excellent candidates for the fast switching electrochromic materials. © 2016 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0031610jss] All rights reserved.Manuscript submitted May 24, 2016; revised manuscript received August 15, 2016. Published September 3, 2016 Electrochromism (EC) is a phenomenon in which materials are capable of changing their optical properties in a reversible and persistent way under the action of an electric field.1-3 Among the varieties of electrochromic materials, vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) is one of the most promising electrochromic inorganic materials due to its exceptional electrochromic behavior. 4 Especially V 2 O 5 has not only both anodic and cathodic electrochromic properties but also large charge capacity.5,3 Furthermore, the V 2 O 5 -based films which contain mixed valence vanadium (V 5+ and V 4+ ) possess the multi-electrochromic behavior.6 However, the vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) xerogel with ntype semiconducting properties has some disadvantages comparing with other metal oxides, such as low electrical conductivity, poor coloration efficiency and narrow color variation. Meanwhile, it shows a bad cycle stability by virtue of the interaction between the inserted Li + ions and the host structure of V 2 O 5 . 7,8All of these drawbacks prevent the commercialization of V 2 O 5 -based electrochromic devices, therefore various efforts have been made in order to improve their electrochromic and electrochemical properties. One of the effective ways to improve the electrochemical and electrochromic properties of V 2 O 5 is doped with other materials or combining with other electrochromic films.9 Previous report suggests that the doping of titanium ion (Ti 4+ ) could enhance the electrical conductivity of the film at room temperature.10 While the doping of CeO is responsible for the improvement of the cycling durability.11 Other studies showing the doping of the high-valence cations (W 6+ , Mo 6+ ) could increase the optical and electrical conductivity.12,13 MoO 3 is one of the main objects of electrochromic materials.14,15 It offers higher coloration efficiency and has richer colors. 16 The interaction between V 2 O 5 and MoO 3 is unique because their ionic radii and the structure in their highest oxidation state are similar.17 When the molybdenum ion (Mo 6+ ) was intercalated, the Mo 6+ generated a donor-like defect owing to providing quasi...

No abstract

No abstract

Background: Moyamoya disease is a rare cerebrovascular occlusive disease, which is characterized by stenosis and gradual occlusion of the internal carotid arteries, causing the progression of characteristic collateral vessels. To date, most studies investigating moyamoya disease have focused on medical implications, and the potential implications for neurocognitive and/or neuropsychiatric functioning were inconclusive.Case Presentation: we present a case of a 26-year-old Chinese postpartum woman who presented to the emergency department with a 19-h history of cognitive decline, vomiting, and convulsions. Blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration rate were 200/120 mmHg, 115 beats/minute, and 30 breaths/minute, respectively, on arrival. The Glasgow Coma Scale, modified RANKIN scale (mRS), and National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) scores were 3, 5, and 18, respectively. Moyamoya disease was diagnosed using cerebral angiography and digital subtraction angiography. The cognitive functions of orientation, use of language, ability to calculate, and memory significantly improved after 11 days of treatment (Glasgow Coma Scale: 15; mRS: 0; NIHSS: 0).Conclusions:This patient was diagnosed with reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome related to moyamoya disease. This case highlights that atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome can occur in patients with moyamoya disease, and should be considered for the differential diagnosis of cerebral infarcts and hemorrhage in a postpartum female.

No abstract