This study investigated the effects of pop-up windows and animation on online users’ orienting response and memory for Web advertisements. All participants (N = 60) in a mixed-design factorial experiment were exposed to four online portal Web sites, each containing a banner ad that was either animated or static and a pop-up ad that was also either animated or static. Their orienting responses during reception of the online sites were measured via heartbeats using electrocardiogram (ECG). Recall and recognition memory for ads and portal Web sites were measured via a postexposure paper-and-pencil questionnaire. Hypotheses derived from visual attention, motion effect, distinctiveness, bio-informational, and limited-capacity theories were tested. The results fully supported the proposition that pop-up ads elicit orienting responses. Ad recognition was lower whereas ad recall was higher for pop-up ads compared to banner ads. In addition to main effects, the data revealed several interaction effects, with implications for theory.

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According to the results of the physical model tests, the failure plane of an anaclinal layered rock slope was a linear-type plane at an angle above the plane normal to the discontinuities, and the failure mode of rock strata was bending tension. However, the shear failure occurred near the slope toe, the effects of the cohesion of the discontinuities on the stability of the slope, and the contribution of tangential force to cross-section axial force were neglected in such studies. Moreover, none of the experts had developed a rigorously theoretical method for determining the angle between the failure plane and the plane normal to the discontinuities. is paper was initiated for the purpose of solving the problems described above. With the cantilever beam model and a step-by-step analytical method, an optimization of the analytical method for determining the flexural toppling failure plane based on the limit equilibrium theory was developed and the corresponding formulations were derived. Based on the present computational framework, comparisons with other studies were carried out by taking a slate slope in South Anhui in China and a rock slope facing the Tehran-Chalus Road near the Amir-Kabir Dam Lake in Iran. Furthermore, the sensitivity analyses of the parameters used in the calculation process of the failure angle of the slate slope in South Anhui in China were performed. e results demonstrated that the failure plane and the safety factor of the stability obtained with the presented method were credible, which verified the proposed method. e dip angle of the slope, the dip angle of the rock stratum, and the friction angle of the discontinuities were the controlling factors for the overall failure of the slate slope in South Anhui in China.

The failure mechanism of hard anti-inclined bedded rock slopes with the possibility of undergoing flexural toppling is very complex so that it is difficult to effectively perform their stability assessment. In this study, an attempt was made to accurately predict the stability factor and the failure surface of such slopes: establishing a new failure zone model and developing a limit equilibrium method based on this model. In this model, the failure zones of such a slope were divided strictly according to the failure mechanisms of the rock layers. In the presented method, the failure surface was considered to be a bilinear-type surface as observed in field investigations and laboratory tests, and the non-dimensional parameter indicating the position of application of the interlayer force was revised by deriving the distribution and the equivalent substitution of interlayer force. Then, a comparative study on Yangtai slope was performed to prove the presented method, and the effect of the non-dimensional parameter on the stability was also investigated. The results reveal that the presented method can accurately determine the failure surface and precisely evaluate the slope stability factor. In addition, the presented method has higher predictive accuracy compared with other analytical methods. With the decrease of the non-dimensional parameter, the stability of the slope is reinforced, but the larger landslide with more serious damage effect will occur if the slope undergoes the overall failure.

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