To extend service life of Cr‐Mo‐V hot‐working die steel, a method of alloying with nitrogen‐substituted carbon is proposed. The mechanical properties of the test steels in the long‐time heating and holding process are measured. The effect of nitrogen‐substituted carbon on thermal stability is characterized and analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Thermo‐Calc. The results show that the ratio of N in V(C,N) can be increased by nitrogen‐substituted carbon at high temperature, which significantly improves its stability. As a result, it can not only refine the grain but also broaden the austenitizing temperature range and promote the complete solution of alloy elements such as Cr, Mo. In the process of long‐term heating and insulation, nitrogen‐substituted carbon can effectively reduce the precipitation of harmful carbides and the coarsening rate by raising the activation energy of tempering transformation with 20.0 kJ mol−1, and increase the precipitation of the main strengthening phase V(C,N). Nitrogen‐substituted carbon, as an effective alloying method, innovatively improves thermal stability and service life of Cr‐Mo‐V hot‐working die steel.

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The microstructures of a Ni-based superalloy used in the advanced ultra-supercritical condition were investigated after creep deformation. The grain boundary migrated during tertiary creep. Accompanied by the migration of grain boundaries, the coarsened γ′ phase with rodlike shape was formed and the precipitate-free zones emerged around this coarsened γ′. The distributional misorientation angle of these grain boundaries was from 45° to 65°. After the examination of the distribution characteristics of the cracks, it was found that the intergranular cracks did not propagate through the precipitate-free zones with the coarsened γ′.

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