As one of the most fundamental physical phenomena, the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) typically occurs in ferromagnetic materials but is not expected in the conventional superconductors. Here, we have observed a giant AHE in kagome superconductor CsV 3 Sb 5 with transition temperature (Tc) of 2.7 K. The anomalous Hall conductivity reaches up to 2.1× 10 4 Ω -1 cm -1 which is larger than those observed in most of the ferromagnetic metals. Strikingly, the emergence of AHE exactly follows the higher-temperature charge-density-wave (CDW) transition with T CDW ~ 94 K, indicating a strong correlation between the CDW state and AHE. The origin for AHE is attributed to enhanced skew scattering in CDW state and large Berry curvature arose from the kagome lattice. These discoveries make CsV 3 Sb 5 as an ideal platform to study the interplay among nontrivial band topology, CDW and unconventional superconductivity.A kagome lattice, representing a two-dimensional network with corner-sharing triangles, provides a fertile ground to study the frustrated, novel correlated and topological electronic states owing to its unusual lattice geometry[1-3]. In general, kagome lattice naturally possesses Dirac dispersion and flat bands that promote electronic correlation effect [4]. Thus, in principle, kagome lattice can exhibit a large variety of electronic instabilities. Many exotic quantum phenomena have been observed in magnetic kagome metals, including giant anomalous Hall effect (AHE) [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], chiral edge state [13,14], and topological surface Fermi arcs [15]. Up to now, exploring exotic properties in kagome lattice remains quite challenging, particularly for multiple electronic orders.Recently, a new family of quasi-two-dimensional kagome metals AV 3 Sb 5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) have attracted tremendous attentions [16]. These materials crystallize in the P6/mmm space group with ideal kagome nets of V atoms which are coordinated by Sb atoms. The kagome layers are sandwiched by extra antimonene layers (Sb2) and Cs layers as shown in Figure 1(a).The resistivity of AV 3 Sb 5 family exhibits anomalies at T * ranged from 80 K to 110 K, which are ascribed to the formation of charge density wave (CDW) order [16,17]. The observation of superconductivity in the stoichiometric AV 3 Sb 5 with kagome lattice [18][19][20] makes this family as

Summary The target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway plays critical roles in controlling cell growth in a variety of eukaryotes. However, the contribution of this pathway in regulating virulence of plant pathogenic fungi is unknown. We identified and characterized nine genes encoding components of the TOR pathway in Fusarium graminearum. Biological, genetic and biochemical functions of each component were investigated. The FgFkbp12‐rapamycin complex binds to the FgTor kinase. The type 2A phosphatases FgPp2A, FgSit4 and FgPpg1 were found to interact with FgTap42, a downstream component of FgTor. Among these, we determined that FgPp2A is likely to be essential for F. graminearum survival, and FgSit4 and FgPpg1 play important roles in cell wall integrity by positively regulating the phosphorylation of FgMgv1, a key MAP kinase in the cell wall integrity pathway. In addition, the FgPpg1 interacting protein, FgTip41, is involved in regulating mycelial growth and virulence. Notably, FgTip41 does not interact with FgTap42 but with FgPpg1, suggesting the existence of FgTap42:FgPpg1:FgTip41 heterotrimer in F. graminearum, a complex not observed in the yeast model. Collectively, we defined a genetic regulatory framework that elucidates how the TOR pathway regulates virulence and vegetative development in F. graminearum.

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