SUMMARY Objective We aimed to prospectively assess the effect of comorbidities on the occurrence of postoperative respiratory complications (PoRCs) after adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSA) and whether otherwise healthy children need a higher level of postoperative monitoring. Methods 577 children who had OSA and underwent adenotonsillectomy were enrolled. The effects of demographics, comorbidities and OSA on PoRCs were investigated with logistic regression analysis. Results The PoRC rate was 4.3%. Postoperative oxygen desaturations were more marked in patients with comorbidities (p = 0.005). The presence of comorbidity increased the risk of PoRCs (odds ratio 4.234/3.226-5.241, 95% confidence intervals, p < 0.001). There was no difference in apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) values between comorbid patients with and without PoRCs [8.2 (3.8-50.2) vs 14.3 (11.7-23.3)]. (p = 0.37). In the group of patients without comorbidities, PoRCs were associated with a higher AHI [14.7 (3.4-51.3) vs 3.9 (2.0-8.0), p < 0.001]. Conclusions Comorbidities are more closely linked with PoRCs than OSA severity. In patients without comorbidity, PoRCs are associated with OSA severity and usually occur within the first 2 hours after the intervention.
Objectives Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) appears in 2%–5% of children, with first‐line treatment being adenotonsillar (AT) surgery. Our aim was to examine the risk of postoperative respiratory complications (PoRCs) in non‐OSA and the different OSA severity (mild, moderate, severe) groups. Study Design We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies comparing PoRCs following AT surgery in children with and without OSA. Methods Nineteen observational studies were identified with the same search key used in MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL. The connection between PoRCs, the presence and severity of OSA, and additional comorbidities were examined. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results We found that PoRCs appeared more frequently in moderate (p = 0.048, OR: 1.79, CI [1.004, 3.194]) and severe OSA (p = 0.002, OR: 4.06, CI [1.68, 9.81]) compared to non‐OSA patients. No significant difference was detected in the appearance of major complications (p = 0.200, OR: 2.14, CI [0.67, 6.86]) comparing OSA and non‐OSA populations. No significant difference was observed in comorbidities (p = 0.669, OR: 1.29, CI [0.40, 4.14]) or in the distribution of PoRCs (p = 0.904, OR: 0.94, CI [0.36, 2.45]) between the two groups. Conclusion Uniform guidelines and a revision of postoperative monitoring are called for as children with moderate and severe OSA are more likely to develop PoRCs following AT surgery based on our results, but no significant difference was found in mild OSA. Furthermore, the presence of OSA alone is not associated with an increased risk of developing major complications.
Összefoglaló. A cystás fibrosis az egyik leggyakoribb veleszületett genetikai rendellenesség, előfordulása Magyarországon 1:4000. Az érintett szervekben a mirigyek által termelt nyák emelkedett viszkozitása krónikus gyulladáshoz vezet. A progressziót a pulmonalis folyamat határozza meg, súlyos esetben a tüdőtranszplantáció az egyetlen megoldás. A betegek instabil állapota és a hosszú várólista miatt a megfelelő előkészítés kihívásokkal teli, a műtét sokszor sikertelen. A szerzők egy eset segítségével ismertetik a személyre szabott, pozitív nyomású légzésterápia szerepét a transzplantációra való előkészítésben cystás fibrosisban. A 13 éves serdülőt csecsemőkorában történt jobb tüdőcsúcs-reszekciót, majd verejtékvizsgálatot és genetikai tipizálást követően 8 hónapos korától gondoztuk a Heim Pál Országos Gyermekgyógyászati Intézetben cystás fibrosissal. Fokozatosan romló klinikai állapota miatt 11 éves korától otthoni oxigénterápiát igényelt, 13 éves korára tüdőtranszplantáció vált szükségessé. A transzplantációig a légzési munka könnyítése érdekében noninvazív lélegeztetést kezdtünk, melyet a beteg nem tolerált. A rapidan romló általános állapot és légzésfunkció, az inhalatív és szisztémás kezelés ellenére is fennálló folyamatos oxigénigény és jelentős nehézlégzés javítása céljából személyre szabott, pozitív nyomású légzésterápia beállítása történt. Ennek eredményeként 4 vízcentiméteres nyomáson 1 liter/perc oxigén adása mellett a teljes alvásidő 100%-a 90% fölötti oxigénszaturációval telt. A kezelést a gyermek jól tűrte, éjszakái nyugodtabban teltek, általános állapota és légzésfunkciója javult, majd sikeres tüdőtranszplantáción esett át. A személyre szabott, pozitív nyomású légzésterápia javítja a cystás fibrosisban szenvedő gyermekek általános állapotát és légzésfunkcióját, ezáltal megkönnyíti a beteg tüdőtranszplantáció előtti felkészülését, és növeli a műtét sikerességének esélyét. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(19): 760–765. Summary. Cystic fibrosis is one of the most common hereditary genetic disorders, the appearance rate of which in the Hungarian population is 1:4000. The increased viscosity of mucus leads to chronic inflammation in the affected organs. The pulmonary manifestation defines the progression, in severe cases lung transplantation is needed. Unstable health condition can make the preparation for surgery difficult and unsuccessful. The role of personalised positive airway pressure therapy prior to lung transplantation in cystic fibrosis is presented through a case report. The 13-year-old child was treated at Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute from the age of 8 months with cystic fibrosis after pulmonary lobectomy, followed by sweat chlorid- and genetic testing. The significant impairment of his general condition required oxygen therapy from the age of 11 years and lung transplantation at the age of 13 years. Until lung transplantation, to relieve the respiratory distress, noninvasive ventilation was started, without success. Considering the rapid progression and persistent need for oxygen – despite inhalation and systemic treatment – personalised positive airway pressure therapy was indicated. At the pressure of 4 cmH2O and an oxygen flow rate of 1 l/min, oxygen saturation was higher than 90% during 100% of the total sleep time. Improvement was registered in both general condition and respiratory function, followed by a successful lung transplantation. In patients with cystic fibrosis, personalized positive airway pressure therapy improves respiratory function, general condition and elevates the success rate of lung transplantation. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(19): 760–765.
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