To better understand some of the local metallurgical mechanisms, it is necessary to have information about the scale of the stress gradient in the vicinity of a grain boundary or around a precipitate. This measurement is accessible by Kossel microdiffraction. Diffraction consists of the emission of Kossel cones, which are then intercepted by a screen. This leads to an image that can be used to trace the deformation field. The simulation technique is best suited to this purpose. The present work falls within this framework and aims on the one hand to geometrically model the phenomenon and on the other hand to develop an application in Java language for digital simulations of the Kossel cliché. The methodology adopted is to take into account all the parameters on which the phenomenon depends to establish the geometric model which has been programmed in the JAVA language with a view to making a simulation application comprising 14 interacting classes. The result obtained after an example of simulation is rather satisfactory and promising. However, a comparison will have to be made for the complete validation of the model. This will be the subject of another publication later.

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In order to make up its energy deficit and reduce its energy imports from neighbouring countries, Benin is opting for the construction of photovoltaic solar micro-power plants in the sunniest regions and to consider injecting it into the existing electricity grid if this locally produced energy is not entirely consumed. With this in mind, a decentralised electricity production project has been initiated. In particular, the project, which is the subject of this presentation, aims to simulate and analyse the impacts of injecting 25 MW of photovoltaic energy production into the existing national electricity grid of the Société Béninoise d'Energie Electrique (SBEE). For this purpose, the dimensioning of the 25MW power plant has been carried out and injected at a specific point of the 20kVA line of the existing electricity network in the NEPLAN software environment, while respecting the requirements for injecting photovoltaic energy into an existing electricity network. Only extreme operating configurations have been studied: the synchronous hollow and synchronous point configuration. Simulation results showed overloads on certain transformer stations in the network, which indicates that adjustments must be made before the actual injection of the electricity produced. Besides, the power grid did not experience any disturbance in the voltage plan and power flows. Finally, the simulations carried out led to the conclusion that the integration of solar PV plants will make it possible to limit the import of energy from Ghana and Nigeria.