Background: Respiratory tract infections are a major cause of   morbidity and mortality in children. Therefore, it is imperative that research studies be conducted to determine the pattern of respiratory diseases in the pediatric age group. Present study was done to determine the outcome, frequency and pattern of respiratory infections in children admitted in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2014 to February 2016. Data was analyzed on SPSS 20.0. P value of <0.05 was observed noteworthy.Results: A total of 286 children were admitted with respiratory diseases. Out of these there were 180 cases of Pneumonia. Peak occurrence of Pneumonia was observed in first trimester of the year.Conclusions: Efforts are required to devise strategies to decrease the burden of respiratory diseases in children.

Objective: To identify the factors, causing the early termination of breast feeding i.e. from birth to six months of age. Design: A cross sectional study. Setting: Outpatient Department of Ziauddin Medical University, Kemari Campus, Karachi. Period: June 2008 to December. 2008. Methods: A structured questionnaire was put to mothers of children up to two years of age attending the outpatient department of pediatrics. Results: Significant associations existed between the early termination of breast feeding and family income, family structure (nuclear vs. extended), mode of delivery ,delayed in initiation of breast feeding early weaning and antenatal counseling with a p-value of <0.05. Conclusions: Provision of adequate prenatal counseling, early initiation, proper economical and environmental support, backup and encouragement are key factors associated with prolonged breast feeding among women.

Objective: To determine what surgical techniques are used by obstetricians in Pakistan for caesarean section operations and to compare it with the recommendation, proposal and guidelines of Royal College of Obstetrician and Gynecologist (RCOG) and Cochrane Reviews. Methods: A questionnaire was set up regarding surgical technique used during caesarean section and one hundred obstetricians were part of study. Setting: Hospitals in two large cities of Pakistan i.e. Karachi and Rawalpindi were requested to fill them. Period: Jan 2009 to June 2009. Result: Substantial and remarkable and difference noted in the practice of caesarean section among the obstetricians. Certain practices and procedures performed by our obstetrician are same as proved to be beneficial and valuable based on evidence and recommended by the RCOG and Cochrane Data on pregnancy. Conclusion: We observed that our obstetricians follow different surgical techniques for performing caesarean section. Some of the techniques follow recommendations by RCOG and provide to effective and beneficial by cochrane data.