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The analyses performed on four stations upstream and eight downstream of the Tighzamine (Jebel Aouam) were carried out to assess the contamination degree from tailings discharges. From the standpoint of water and soil qualities, concentrations of trace and major elements (TME), including Cd, Mn, Pb and Zn which concentrations (µgL -1 ) reach respectively 82, 49918, 669, 36858 in water samples and 443, 161, 23607, 19459 in sediments, exceed greatly, in the vicinity of the mine, the international standards. Depending on the TME analyzes, all downstream stations shows different degrees of contamination, whereas it is less or absent at the upstream stations. Downstream stations thus require water and soil treatment, since the contents TME are quite large and clearly present a danger not only in the surrounding environment for population, fauna and flora, but also over long distances especially as the waters of Tighza river flow into the oued Bouregreg and thus reach the Sidi Mohammed ben Abdellah Dam (Rabat) which is used as drinking water for urban consumption. It is therefore imperative to treat these waters, so that they become drinkable and avoid bad impacts to the population.. RésuméLes analyses effectuées sur quatre stations en amont et huit en aval de la mine de Tighza (JbelAouam) sont faites pour approcher le degré de la

This study is based on a ruderal species: Malva subovata = Lavatera maritima which should normally grow in the littoral, under maritime influence. Its presence in the matorrals is highlighted for the first time. as it has been found far from its natural habitat. The comparison of the different biological and morphological spectra shows the importance of the therophytes that confirms the phenomenon of degradation. This degradation shows a depletion of the floristic procession, especially concerning sylvatic species which have given way to ephemeral therophytes and chamæphytes. Despite the presence of a shrubby layer, it is no longer a question of a forest ecosystem but of a pre-forest ecosystem. To better understand the characteristics of this Malvaceae in terms of resistance and adaptation in matorrals, we often use the phytomass of all anthropozoic formations and more specifically the phytomass of the species that characterize this group.  In our case, this is Malva subovata. The results of the morphometric study constitute a basic element for the evaluation of the adaptive potential of our Lavatère against the degradation factors.

The Sefrou watershed, located in the northern part of the Tabular Middle Atlas, is the primary watershed in the Sebou region. Due to increasing socio-economic development, the need for a stable water supply is critical. Therefore, this watershed's physiography and morphology are studied to aim and facilitate further research in the Sebou region. We rely on the hydrological regime, frequency analysis of extreme flows, rainfall volume, and flood periods forecast to enable that characterization. Our findings determined that the Sebou region is of pluvial type with abundant rainfall, especially in winters due to floods. Moreover, substratum parameters induce a large volume of water resources from upstream to downstream. However, the weak structure of the hydrographic network and the water balance has highlighted a considerable loss of these resources, which handicaps the irrigation system and the supply of drinking water to the region's cities. Finally, the annual modulus and the different coefficients show hydroclimatic fluctuations of semi-arid climatic conditions, with a temperate winter. Our results suggest a need to monitor water runoff and protect surface soils from flooding and rapid erosion (by planting trees). We also propose installing barriers and a small dam to recharge groundwater and artificially store surface water in this watershed.

The Sebou watershed is the main receiver of rainwater contributions in the North of Morocco. The present study is interested in the knowledge of the global Physical characteristics on water dynamics in the Sefrou watershed at the level of the Sefrou sub-watershed which belongs to this large hydrological unit and which occupies its south-western part. The approach followed in this study consisted initially, in acquiring the data, organizing it, and processing it by a geographic information system (GIS), in order to obtain a global idea on the distribution of the different parameters in the entourage concerned by this study. The application of geographic information system tools makes it possible to establish a set of maps that will help develop an excellent descriptive analysis characteristic of the watershed. In this paper, we present the analysis results of the geological, climatic and hydrological characteristics of an important area of the Middle Atlas, with the notable importance of precipitation, runoff and rivers for irrigation and the supply of drinking water. of cities in the region. The hydrological study of the Sefrou watershed has shown a typical Mediterranean regime, the watershed receives an average annual rainfall of 454.22 mm, with a volume input of 183,96*10 ˆ6 ˆ3/year and an average annual temperature of 16.62°C. The actual evapotranspiration in the watershed is 389.22 mm/year which is 161,28.10ˆ6 mˆ3/year. RésuméLe bassin versant de Sefrou qui occupe la zone Sud-Est du plus grand bassin de Sebou, qui s'étend sur la partie septentrionale du Causse Moyen Atlasique. L'étude a été abordée par une caractérisation physiographique, morphologique de la zone étudiée, suivie par une synthèse hydrologique.La démarche suivie dans cette étude consistait dans un premier temps, à acquérir les données, les organiser, et les traiter par un système d'informations géographique (SIG), afin d'obtenir une idée globale sur la répartition des différents paramètres dans l'entourage concerné par cette étude. L'application des outils de systèmes d'informations géographiques permet d'établir un ensemble des cartes qui vont aider à développer une excellente analyse descriptive caractéristique du bassin versant.Dans cet article, nous présentons les résultats d'analyse des caractéristiques géologiques, climatiques et hydrologiques d'une zone importante du Moyen Atlas en apports pluviométriques et hydrologiques, du ruissellement et des rivières pour l'irrigation et l'approvisionnement en eau potable des villes de la région.Le bassin reçoit une pluviométrie moyenne annuelle de 454,22 mm, avec un apport de volume de 183, 96 * 10 6 ? 3 /an et une temperature moyenne annuelle de 16,62degC. L'evapotranspiration reelle dans le bassin versant est de 389,22 mm/an qui soient 161,28.10 6 m 3 /an.