Abstract-Fuzzy logic enables designers to control complex systems more effectively than traditional approaches as it provides a simple way to arrive at a definite conclusion upon ambiguous, imprecise or noisy information. In this paper, we describe the development of two miniature LEGO robots, which are the line following and the light searching mobile robots to provide a better understanding of fuzzy logic control theory and real life application for an undergraduate training system. This study is divided into two parts. In the first part, an object sorter robot is built to perform pick and place task to load different colour objects on a fuzzy logic controlled line following robot which then carries the preloaded objects to a goal by following a white line. In the second part, an intelligent fuzzy logic controlled light searching robot with the capability to navigate in a maze is developed. All of the robots are constructed by using the LEGO Mindstorms kit. Interactive C programming language is used to program fuzzy logic robots. Experimental results show that the robots has successfully track the predefined path and navigate towards light source under the influence of the fuzzy logic controller; and therefore can be used as a training system in undergraduate fuzzy logic class.

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The purpose of this paper is to assess the housing affordability level in every district in Kelantan. The goal of this study is to determine the affordability level and the affordable housing price in every district in Kelantan. In order to determine the housing affordability level, the Price-to-Income Ratio approach or known as median multiple is used in this study. The study found that the overall affordable leve in Kelantan from 2012, 2014 to 2016 has increased from 4.5 to 4.8 to 5.4 which clearly showed the level worsen over the years. In term of afforadablee housing price, the Kelantan median house price for 2016 was RM199,900 but using median multiple calculation using the income data, the maximum affordable house price should be within RM 110,844, which clearly showed that the current housing prices is severely unafforable for Kelantan State.

The first auction legislation in Malaysia was enacted in the states of Penang and Malacca in 1906. The real estate market including auction market  is considered  an effective method in selling real estate properties (Chyi, 2015). Auction is one method in selling property in a quick way but this method is consider as force sales as most properties sold due to owner unable to pay the monthly mortgage to the bank. There are advantages of buying property in auction market where the buyer can get the property cheaper than market value and the property usually has a matured environment. The downside of purchasing an auction property is that the buyer is not allowed to view or inspect the inside of the property and sometimes the property is not vacant by the owner.  The buyer need to conduct their own research first if they have the intention to buy auctioned property. Based on literatures, there are various considerations for buying auction properties such as the type of properties, the location, value, existing conditions, the existing facilities and infrastructure and many more. This aim of the study is to assess the issues and problems faced by buyers in housing auction market in Selangor. The objectives were to identify the preferred location among the respondents in selection their bidding units. It was found that among respondents, the most preferred location of auction properties was in Gombak. In term of issues and problem in buying auction properties, respondents claimed the issues are the long period of time in getting loan approved and released payment , the title and ownership issues, the units are still occupied by owner, the conditions of units and the overall cost that need to be prepare by buyers. It is hoped that this paper would guide decision maker and government in planning of the overall housing market in Malaysia as properties being auctioned is getting higher over time.Keywords: Auction, Purchaser, Property, SelangoreISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i12.1935